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Cardio and pulmonary terms Flashcards

1
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

diagnosis of enlarged aorta;due to weakend aortic wall

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2
Q

Aortic dissection

A

diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat

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4
Q

Aortic rupture

A

Diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma

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5
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm; “a fib”

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6
Q

Atrial flutter

A

irregular beating of the atria; often described as a flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block

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7
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix

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8
Q

bradychardia

A

slow heart rate (HR <60)

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9
Q

Cardiac ischemia

A

Decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart;usually diagnosed by ST segment depression on EKG

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10
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart

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11
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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12
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart

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13
Q

extra sys toles

A

Extra beats of the heart heard during ausculation

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14
Q

Friction rub

A

Described as grating , scratching sound of the heart indicative of pericarditis

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15
Q

Gallop

A

Three or four sounds ,resembling sounds of a gallop

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16
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

Heart rhythm for anyone with atrial fibrillation

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17
Q

JVD

A

Sign of CHF

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18
Q

Murmur

A

ABnormal heart sound rated on 1-6 scale

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19
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed

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20
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

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21
Q

NSTEMI

A

Non ST segment elevation MI; a heart attack that is not diagnosed on EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test

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22
Q

Pericardial tamponade

A

diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally

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23
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation

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24
Q

Pulse exam

A

Carotid, brachial , radial ,femoral , popliteal , dorsal pedis(DP) or posterior tibia(PT)

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25
STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction; when the EKG shows "ST segment elevation" it indicates an acute heart attack
26
Tachycardia
Fast heart rate(HR >100 BPM)
27
Ventricular fibrillation
irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion
28
Valvular vegetation
an infectious growth on the cardiac valves
29
Ventricular septal defect "A VSD"
a hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and LV
30
Ventricular wall thrombus
a blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarction
31
Aorta
Artery carrying blood from the heart (LV) to the rest of the body
32
Aortic valve
Heart valve between the LV and ascending aorta
33
Atrial septum
Heart tissue that separates the RA from the LA
34
AV node
Atrioventricular node ; receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricles: the right bundle and left bundle
35
Coronary artery
Artery that supplies the heart with blood ; there are the right coronary artery (RCA), the left main coronary artery , the circumflex coronary artery, the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) and many branches coming from each known as marginal coronary arteries
36
Left Atrium
LA: chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the LA
37
Mitral valve
Heart valve between LA and LV
38
Myocardium
Heart muscle
39
Pericardium
The lining surrounding the heart
40
Pulmonary artery
Artery carrying blood from heart (RV) to the lungs
41
Pulmonary vein
Vein carrying blood from the lungs to heart (LA)
42
Pulmonic valve
Heart valve between the RV and pulmonary artery
43
Right Atrium
RA:chamber in the heart that receives blood from the vena cava, sends it to the RV
44
Right ventricle
RV:chamber in the heart that receives blood from the RA , sends it to the lungs
45
SA node
Sinoatrial node: pacemaker of the heart
46
Tricuspid valve
Heart valve between RA and VA
47
Ventricular septum
heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV
48
Aneurysm
Localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall
49
Artery
Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart,muscular contractile
50
Bruit
a whooshing sound heard during auscultation indicative of blockage or aneurysm
51
Dissection
Blood flow into the wall layers of an artery causing the arterial walls to splits apart
52
Deep venous thrombosis
DVT; deep clot in the extremity
53
Embolism
obstruction of blood vessel by a travelling clot of blood or foreign substance
54
Hemangioma
Tumor consisting of blood vessels
55
Stenosis
Narrowing Of abody oepning or passage
56
Thrombus
Blood clot or blockage
57
Vein
Vessel carrying blood towards the heart ,soft , compressible
58
Accessory muscle use
Struggling for breath using extra muscles in addition to the diaphragm
59
Asthma
Constriction of the airway due to muscular contraction of the bronchioles
60
Atelectasis
Collapse of the alveoli in the lungs due to disease or poor inspiration
61
Bradypnea
Decreased respiratory rate
62
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation/infection of the bronchioles(smaller divisions of the bronchi)
63
Bronchitis
Inflammation/infection fo the bronchi
64
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
65
Croup
Viral infection of the upper airway with a barking cough and often stridor
66
Dullness on percussion
Fluid or mass under area being persecuted
67
Dyspnea
Difficult and labored breathing , shortness of breath
68
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
69
Hemothorax
Blood fluid present in the pleural cavity
70
Hyperventilation
Breathing too fast.aka Behavioral breathlessness or psychogenic dyspnea
71
Nasal Flaring
Enlargement of nostrils with breathing (sign of respiratory distress)
72
Prolonged expiration
Expiratory phase that is markedly longer than the inspiratory phase;heard in asthmatics
73
Pulmonary Embolus
blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot
74
Pleurisy
General term for pain with breathing
75
Pneumothorax
Presence of air or gas in the pleural space; collapsed lung
76
Pneumonia
Infiltrate(infection) inside the lung tissue
77
Prolonged expirations
Usually heard in asthmatics
78
Rales
Crackles; wet crackling heard in the lungs due to pneumonia or CHF
79
Retractions
Visible sinking of the area between the ribs and in the neck during inhalation(respiratory distress)
80
Rhonchi
Sound of mucous rolling around in the bronchioles/bronchi
81
Splinting
Avoiding deep inspirations due to increased pain with breathing
82
Sputum
Matter coughed up from the lower airways
83
Stridor
Upper Airway noise; common sign in croup
84
Tachypnea
Increased respiratory rate.Greater than 20 respirations per minute
85
Wheezing
High pitched sound heard with asthmatics or lung disease

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