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Cardio and pulmonary terms Flashcards

1
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

diagnosis of enlarged aorta;due to weakend aortic wall

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2
Q

Aortic dissection

A

diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat

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4
Q

Aortic rupture

A

Diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection, ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma

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5
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm; “a fib”

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6
Q

Atrial flutter

A

irregular beating of the atria; often described as a flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block

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7
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix

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8
Q

bradychardia

A

slow heart rate (HR <60)

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9
Q

Cardiac ischemia

A

Decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart;usually diagnosed by ST segment depression on EKG

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10
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart

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11
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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12
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart

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13
Q

extra sys toles

A

Extra beats of the heart heard during ausculation

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14
Q

Friction rub

A

Described as grating , scratching sound of the heart indicative of pericarditis

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15
Q

Gallop

A

Three or four sounds ,resembling sounds of a gallop

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16
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

Heart rhythm for anyone with atrial fibrillation

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17
Q

JVD

A

Sign of CHF

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18
Q

Murmur

A

ABnormal heart sound rated on 1-6 scale

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19
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed

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20
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

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21
Q

NSTEMI

A

Non ST segment elevation MI; a heart attack that is not diagnosed on EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test

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22
Q

Pericardial tamponade

A

diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally

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23
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation

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24
Q

Pulse exam

A

Carotid, brachial , radial ,femoral , popliteal , dorsal pedis(DP) or posterior tibia(PT)

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25
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction; when the EKG shows “ST segment elevation” it indicates an acute heart attack

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26
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate(HR >100 BPM)

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27
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion

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28
Q

Valvular vegetation

A

an infectious growth on the cardiac valves

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29
Q

Ventricular septal defect “A VSD”

A

a hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and LV

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30
Q

Ventricular wall thrombus

A

a blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarction

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31
Q

Aorta

A

Artery carrying blood from the heart (LV) to the rest of the body

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32
Q

Aortic valve

A

Heart valve between the LV and ascending aorta

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33
Q

Atrial septum

A

Heart tissue that separates the RA from the LA

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34
Q

AV node

A

Atrioventricular node ; receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricles: the right bundle and left bundle

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35
Q

Coronary artery

A

Artery that supplies the heart with blood ; there are the right coronary artery (RCA), the left main coronary artery , the circumflex coronary artery, the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) and many branches coming from each known as marginal coronary arteries

36
Q

Left Atrium

A

LA: chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the LA

37
Q

Mitral valve

A

Heart valve between LA and LV

38
Q

Myocardium

A

Heart muscle

39
Q

Pericardium

A

The lining surrounding the heart

40
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Artery carrying blood from heart (RV) to the lungs

41
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Vein carrying blood from the lungs to heart (LA)

42
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

Heart valve between the RV and pulmonary artery

43
Q

Right Atrium

A

RA:chamber in the heart that receives blood from the vena cava, sends it to the RV

44
Q

Right ventricle

A

RV:chamber in the heart that receives blood from the RA , sends it to the lungs

45
Q

SA node

A

Sinoatrial node: pacemaker of the heart

46
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Heart valve between RA and VA

47
Q

Ventricular septum

A

heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV

48
Q

Aneurysm

A

Localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall

49
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart,muscular contractile

50
Q

Bruit

A

a whooshing sound heard during auscultation indicative of blockage or aneurysm

51
Q

Dissection

A

Blood flow into the wall layers of an artery causing the arterial walls to splits apart

52
Q

Deep venous thrombosis

A

DVT; deep clot in the extremity

53
Q

Embolism

A

obstruction of blood vessel by a travelling clot of blood or foreign substance

54
Q

Hemangioma

A

Tumor consisting of blood vessels

55
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing Of abody oepning or passage

56
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot or blockage

57
Q

Vein

A

Vessel carrying blood towards the heart ,soft , compressible

58
Q

Accessory muscle use

A

Struggling for breath using extra muscles in addition to the diaphragm

59
Q

Asthma

A

Constriction of the airway due to muscular contraction of the bronchioles

60
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the alveoli in the lungs due to disease or poor inspiration

61
Q

Bradypnea

A

Decreased respiratory rate

62
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation/infection of the bronchioles(smaller divisions of the bronchi)

63
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation/infection fo the bronchi

64
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

65
Q

Croup

A

Viral infection of the upper airway with a barking cough and often stridor

66
Q

Dullness on percussion

A

Fluid or mass under area being persecuted

67
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult and labored breathing , shortness of breath

68
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

69
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood fluid present in the pleural cavity

70
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Breathing too fast.aka Behavioral breathlessness or psychogenic dyspnea

71
Q

Nasal Flaring

A

Enlargement of nostrils with breathing (sign of respiratory distress)

72
Q

Prolonged expiration

A

Expiratory phase that is markedly longer than the inspiratory phase;heard in asthmatics

73
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot

74
Q

Pleurisy

A

General term for pain with breathing

75
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Presence of air or gas in the pleural space; collapsed lung

76
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infiltrate(infection) inside the lung tissue

77
Q

Prolonged expirations

A

Usually heard in asthmatics

78
Q

Rales

A

Crackles; wet crackling heard in the lungs due to pneumonia or CHF

79
Q

Retractions

A

Visible sinking of the area between the ribs and in the neck during inhalation(respiratory distress)

80
Q

Rhonchi

A

Sound of mucous rolling around in the bronchioles/bronchi

81
Q

Splinting

A

Avoiding deep inspirations due to increased pain with breathing

82
Q

Sputum

A

Matter coughed up from the lower airways

83
Q

Stridor

A

Upper Airway noise; common sign in croup

84
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased respiratory rate.Greater than 20 respirations per minute

85
Q

Wheezing

A

High pitched sound heard with asthmatics or lung disease

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