Cardio Flashcards
Class 1A anti-arrhythmic
Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide QUeen PROClaims DISO's PYRAMID moderate Na+ channel blockade K+ channel blockade ↑ AP duration
Class 1B anti-arrhythmics
Lidocaine, Mexiletine
I’d Buy LIDdy’s MEXIcan Tacos
weak Na+ channel blockade
↓ AP duration
Class 1C anti-arrhythmics
Flecainide, Propafenone
Can I have Fries Please
strong Na+ channel blockade
no effect on AP duration
-osin
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin
α1 blockers
phenoxybenzamine
α-blocker
phentolamine
α-blocker
Clonidine
α2-agonist
Albuterol
ß2 > ß1 agonist
salmeterol
ß2 > ß1 agonist
terbutaline
ß2 > ß1 agonist
Dobutamine
ß1 > ß2 agonist
α agonist
Dopamine
D > ß > α agonist
epinephrine
ß > α agonist
↓BP, ↑HR, ↑CO
Norepinephrine
α > ß agonist
↑BP → reflex ↓HR, CO remains constant(ish)
Phenylephrine
α agonist
isopreterenol
ß1 = ß2 agonist
Aortic stenosis
Crescendo-decresendo
systolic murmur
loudest at base, radiates to carotids
ejection click
Mitral/tricuspid regurg
Holosystolic
high pitched blowing
loudest at base, radiates toward axilla
early sequelae of rheumatic fever
Mitral valve prolapse
late-systolic crescendo murmur
midsystolic click
Ventricular septal defect
Holosystolic, harsh sounding
aortic regurg
High pitched blowing
early diastolic decrescendo murmur
Mitral stenosis
Opening snap
delayed rumbling
mid-late diastolic murmur
late sequelae of rheumatic fever
Patent ductus arteriosus
Continuous machine like murmur
Wide splitting
Delayed RV emptying
also ASD?
Fixed splitting
ASD
paradoxical splitting
Delayed aortic valve closure
ß1 blockers
-olol from A-M
ß1 = ß2 blockers
-olol from N-Z
ß blockers with α-blocking
modified suffix -ilol and -alol (instead of -olol)
carvedilol
labetalol
Hydralizine
vasodilates
Milrinone
used in acute decomensated HF
↑ HR and contractility
vasodilation
Antiarrhythmics class 3 potassium channel blockers
Amiodarone
Ibutilide, Dofetilide
Sotalol
AIDS
Antiarrhythmics class 4 calcium channel blockers
Verapamil
Diltiazem
digoxin
inhibits Na-K
inhibits Na-Ca X
↑ Ca+ intracellularly
↑ contractility
Fenoldopam
Dopamine agonist
coronary, peripheral, renal, and splanchnic vasodilation
↓ BP
↑ natriuresis
Dressler syndrome
MI complication several weeks after
autoimmune pleuritis
Giant cell arteritis
temporal arteritis Large vessel Unilateral headaceh, temporal artery tenderness blindness elderly females
Takayasu arteritis
Large vessel
asian females
pulseless upper extremities
narrowing of aortic arch
Buerger disease
aka thromboangitis obliterans
medium vessel
heavy smokers
extremity claudication
Kawasaki disease
medium vessel Young asian children CRASH and burn Conjunctival injection Rash Adenopathy (cervical) Strawberry tongue Hand-foot edema, erythema fever
Polyarteritis nodosa
medium vessel
think PAN → GI
abdominal pain, melena
Renal damage
Behcet syndrome
small vessel Turkish and eastern Mediterranean descent aphthous ulcers genital ulcerations uveitis erythema nodosum HLA-B51
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis
aka churg strauss small vessel MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA Upper respiratory peripheral neuropathy can also effect heart, GI, kidneys
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
aka Wegener
small vessel
PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA
Upper respiratory (including nasal septum perforation)
Lower respiratory (cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea)
Renal
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis
aka Henoch-schonlein purpura small vessel skin → palpable purpura on legs (dramatic) arthralgies GI (including intussusception)
Microscopic polyangiitis
small vessel MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA skin lung renal similar to wegener's but w/o nasopahryngeal involvement
Amlodipine
Nifedipine
calcium channel blocker in vascular smooth muscle, but not heart
vasodilation
Bile acid resins
Cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam
↓ intenstinal reabsorption of bile acids
Only one that ↑ Triglycerides
Cholestyramine
Bile acid resins
colestipol
Bile acid resins
colesevelam
Bile acid resins
Ezetimibe
prevents cholesterol absorption at SI
Fibrates
Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Fenofibrate
Upregulate LPL → ↑triglyceride clearance\
↓↓↓ TG
Cholesterol gallstones
