Cardio

Question 1

what is ductus arteriosus

Answer 1

when blood is shunted from pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing the lungs. after birth is is closed due to drop in maternal prostaglandins

Question 2

what is foramen ovale

Answer 2

flat between RA and LA and if failure to close causes atrial septal defect

Question 3

what does right to left shunting give

Answer 3

cyanosis after birth

Question 4

what does left to right shunting give

Answer 4

pulmonary hypertension and hypertrophy.
Causes eisenmengers syndrome
Lead to hart failure at 40 if untreated

Question 5

4 Ss of innocent murmurs

Answer 5

asymptomatic
soft blowing
systolic
left sternal angle

Question 6

what can left to right shunts predispose you too

Answer 6

poor growth
chest infections

Question 7

what do you give for patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 7

associated with prematurity
indomethacin-inhibits prostaglandin E1 causing closure of duct

Question 8

what are the tetralogy of fallots

Answer 8

aorta overriding the VSD
right ventricular hypertrophy
pulmonary outflow stenosis
ventricular septal defect

Question 9

symptoms of teratology of fallot

Answer 9

cyanosis
clubbing
harsh ejection murmur
tet spells- spells of cyanosis and loss of consciousness

Question 10

management of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 10

if acute at birth- oxygen and prostaglandin infusion
tet spells are managed with beta blockers

Question 11

what is atrioventricular septal defect

Answer 11

defect in middle of the heart with 5 leaflet valve between atria and ventricles. associated with downs syndrome

Question 12

what is tricuspid atresia

Answer 12

tricuspid valve orifice fails to develop and right ventricle is hypo plastic.

Question 13

ebsteins anomaly

Answer 13

tricuspid valve not developed properly.
associated with Wolff Parkinson white syndrome and mothers thing lithium during trimester 1 of pregnancy

Question 14

infantile coarctation of aorta

Answer 14

persistant ductus arteriosus associated with turners syndrome