Cardiac Physiology (Sam) Flashcards
When is someone deconditioned?
Bedrest 24-48 hours
How can you tell if someone is deconditioned?
They have exaggerated vital sign response to activity; greater than expected increase for their workload (HR<, BP, RR, RPE)
<p>
| How much should systolic BP increase with activity?</p>
<p>
| 10 mm Hg or x number of MET?</p>
What are signs of peripheral ischemia?
Claudication with ambulation
ABI < 0.5
What are clinical signs of Cardiovascular pump dysfunction/failure?
Abnormal vital sign change in response to activity (flat response or decrease in HR/BP w/ increased activity)
EF< 40%
BNP > normal values
> 2mm ST elevations or depression
Angina
Ventricular ectopy with increasing workload (> 7 PVC’c/min with hemodynamic compromise)
What assists the heart in driving blood throughout the system?
Elastic recoil of veins during activity
Skeletal muscle compression of veins during activity
NEgative thoracic pressure during inspiration
What will impair your preload?
Venous return (low blood volume/BP)
Deconditioning
Dehydration
What can affect your after load?
Sclerosis in arteries
Stenosis/sclerosis of valves
What can affect contractility?
DM affecting autonomic
ischemia
What is CO?
Heart rate * stroke volume
What is a normal CO?
4-8 L/min
HOw do you calculate BP?
BP=SV * peripheral resistance
When is your BP greatest?
During ventricular contraction (systole)
When is your BP lowest?
During diastole (relaxation phase)
What are three things lat influence left ventricular pump function?
Muscle mechanics
Perfusion of blood to heart
Electrical Activity
What can Echocardiograms tell you?
Valve function Ejection fraction Wall Motion Effusion Wall Thickness
What is the ejection fraction (EF)?
EF=Stroke volume/Left ventricular end diastolic volumme
What is stroke volume?
LVEDV-LVESV or ml/beat
What are heart sounds caused by?
Caused by turbulent flow
What is thrill?
marked turbulence/murmor that is palpable. Will feel vibratory
What is the S1 sound?
the closing of the mitral valve
What is the S2 sound?
closing of the aortic valve
What is the S3 sound?
occurs in heart failure
What is the S4 sound?
the sound of the A-V valves opening
