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CardioPulm > Cardiac Phys (Rita) > Flashcards

Cardiac Phys (Rita) Flashcards

1
Q

What % EF is considered cardiovascular pump dysfxn/failure?

A

< 40%

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2
Q

What BNP value is considered cardiovascular pump dysfxn/failure?

A

BNP > normal (age dependent)

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3
Q

What measurement tells us about onset of ventricular ectopy with inc. workload?

A

> 7 PVCs/min with hemodynamic compromise

PVC = premature ventricular contractions/min

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4
Q

What measurement of ST elevation/depression is considered cardiovascular pump dysfxn/failure?

A

> 2mm

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5
Q

Peripheral ischemia can be measures by what value? What symptoms?

A

ABI < 0.5

claudication with ambulation

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6
Q

Deconditioning begins with how many hours of bed rest?

A

24-48 hours

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7
Q

What are abnormal vital sign changes in response to activity?

A

flat response

dec. in HR and/or BP with inc. workload

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8
Q

3 major fxns of cardiovascular system?

A
  1. consists of heart and blood vessels
  2. transports necessary substances to tissues throughout body
  3. removes waste products from cells
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9
Q

What 3 factors assist the heart to drive blood through the system?

A
  1. Elastic recoil of arteries during diastole
  2. Skeletal muscle compression of veins during activity
  3. Negative thoracic pressure during inspiration
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10
Q

What is the fxn of the chord tendinae?

A

anchor support for the AV valves

–> can degenerate… leads to regurgitation

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11
Q

Which coronary artery infarction(s) may lead to CO dysfxn?

A

LCA, LAD, L Circumflex, PDA

ie: all except RCA

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12
Q

Which coronary artery infarction(s) may lead to electrical system dysfxn

A

RCA

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13
Q

_____-sided heart failure leads to systemic edema.

A

right

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14
Q

_____-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary edema.

A

left

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15
Q

Atrial kick refers to atrial contraction and corresponds to what LV volume?

A

20% LV or LVEDV (left ventricular end diastolic volume)

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16
Q

What sound is heard when the mitral valve closes?

A

S1

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17
Q

What sound is heard when aortic valve is closed at end of systole?

A

S2

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18
Q

impaired venous return would affect which component of SV?

A

preload

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19
Q

arterial sclerosis or vavlular stenosis would effect which component of SV?

A

afterload

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20
Q

DM and myocardial ischemia may effect which component of SV?

A

contractility

21
Q

How does DM influence stroke volume?

A

ANS changes due to neuropathy impair heart contractility

22
Q

What is normal CO?

A

4-8 L/min

23
Q

What are the 3 major influences of the left ventricular pump?

A

muscle mechanics
myocardial perfusion
electrical activity

24
Q

Heart sounds are caused by?

A

turbulent flow

25
Q

What is the term for marked turbulence/murmur that is palpable?

A

thrill

26
Q

S1 corresponds to

A

closing of mitral valve
start of ventricular systole
LUB

27
Q

S2 corresponds to

A

closing of aortic valve
start of ventricular diastole
DUB

28
Q

S3 corresponds to

A

heart failure

LUB

29
Q

S4 corresponds to

A

opening of AV valves

DUB

30
Q

Where is the site for auscultation of aortic valve?

A

2nd/3rd R interspace

31
Q

Where is the site for auscultation of pulmonic valve?

A

2nd/3rd L interspace

32
Q

Where is the site for auscultation of tricuspid valve?

A

L sternal border

33
Q

Where is the site for auscultation of mitral valve?

A

apex

34
Q

normal SA node rate?

A

60-100 bpm

35
Q

normal AV node rate?

A

40-60 bpm

36
Q

normal ventricle heart rate?

A

20-40 bpm

37
Q

Describe normal conduction in 3 steps:

A
  1. Electrical impulse starts in sinoatrial node (SA)
  2. Travels to atrioventricular node (AV)
  3. Proceeds through left & right bundle branches of the Purkinje fibers
38
Q

What are 3 Parasympathetic Neurohormonal Influences on Cardiac Function?

A
  1. Reduces HR
  2. Decrease speed of conduction thru AV node
  3. Decrease force of atrial contraction
39
Q

What are 2 Sympathetic Neurohormonal Influences on Cardiac Function?

A
  1. Myocardium: increases contractility (inotropy)

2. Sinus node: increases rate of contraction (chronotropy)

40
Q

P wave (or PR interval) corresponds to:

A

atrial depolarization (contract)

41
Q

QRS complex corresponds to:

A 
ventricular depolarization (contraction)
atria repolarize
42
Q

T wave (or ST segment) corresponds to:

A

ventricular repolarization (relaxation)

43
Q

QT interval corresponds to:

A

ventricular depolarization and repolization

44
Q

ST elevation/depression

A

the segment above or below the isokinetic line (only visible from 12 lead EKG)

45
Q

Name the parasympathetic cardiac receptor(s):

A

PNS Receptors

  1. SA node
  2. atrial muscle
  3. AV node
46
Q

Name the sympathetic cardiac receptor(s) and example of neurohormones involved:

A

SNS: Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Eg epinephrine and norepinephrine

47
Q

What is inotropy?

A

increased contractility (due to SNS stimulation of myocardium)

48
Q

<p>

| What is chrontropy?</p>

A

<p>

| increased rate of contraction (due to SNS stimulation of sinus node)</p>

CardioPulm (13 decks)

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