ABGs

Question 1

What is normal PaCO2?

Answer 1

35-45 mmHg

Question 2

What is normal PaO2?

Answer 2

80-100 mmHg

Question 3

What values correspond to hypoxemia?

Answer 3

PaO2 < 80

Question 4

What values correspond to alveolar hypoventilation?

Answer 4

PaCO2 > 45

Question 5

What values correspond to alveolar hyperventilation?

Answer 5

PaCO2 < 35

Question 6

What values correspond to ventilatory or hypercapnic respiratory failure?

Answer 6

PaCO2 > 50

Question 7

What are the causes of ventilatory or hypercapnic respiratory failure?

Answer 7

increased WOB, dec CO, impaired muscle/respiration efficiency

Question 8

What pH is considered normal?

Answer 8

7.4

Question 9

What pH is considered in acidemia?

Answer 9

pH < 7.35

Question 10

What pH is considered in alkalemia?

Answer 10

pH > 7.45

Question 11

Differentiate b/w metabolic and respiratory acidosis.

Answer 11

metabolic acidosis: pH < 7.4 and bicarbonate ion < 22

respiratory acidosis: pH < 7.0 and PaCO2 > 45

Question 12

Differentiate b/w metabolic and respiratory alkaosis.

Answer 12

metabolic alkalosis: pH> 7.4 and bicarbonate ion > 26

respiratory alkalosis: pH > 7.0 and PaCO2 < 35

Question 13

What 02 sat levels at rest require supplemental 02?

Answer 13

86% for chronic disease

90% for acute disease

Question 14

What are the three basic steps for ABG interpretation?

Answer 14

step 1: Look at pH
step 2: examine PaCO2
step 3: examine HCO3-

Question 15

In mixed acid-base disorders, what changes occur?

Answer 15

the primary process will be in the direction of the pH

Question 16

For each 10 point change in CO2, how will pH change?

Answer 16

.08 in the opposite direction

Question 17

For each 10 point change in the HCO3, how will the pH will change?

Answer 17

.15 in the same direction