Cardiac Physiology Flashcards
isovolumetric contraction
between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening
isovolumetric relaxation
between aortic valve closing and mitral valve opening
retrograde flow
blood flows from aorta into ventricle at the end of reduced ejection
First heart sound (S1)
oscillation of blood and vibration in ventricles, following closure of A-V valves; lower pitched, more intense and longer than the second sound
Second heart sound (S2)
oscillation of blood in aorta and pulmonary artery, following closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
Third heart sound (S3)
early diastole; low in pitch and intensity in the normal heart; increased intensity during heart failure; vibration of blood during ventricular filling
Fourth heart sound (S4)
atrial contraction; low in intensity and pitch; sometimes heard in children bc they have thin chest wall
End Diastolic Volume
volume of blood in full ventricle; preload
End Systolic Volume
Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of systole
Cardiac contractility curve
relates ventricular volume to how much pressure the ventricles can generate; the more you stretch a ventricle, the more force it generates up to a maximum
Preload
the pressure (volume?) in the ventricles at the end of diastole
Afterload
the aortic pressure against which the ventricle has to pump (to open the aortic valve); the point at which the aortic valve opens
Systolic pressure
peak pressure in the AORTA (not the ventricle)
Diastolic pressure
minimum pressure in the AORTA (not the ventricle)
Peak ventricular systolic pressure
max pressure in the ventricle
