Cardiac Failure Flashcards
Cardiac Failure
Define
Structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricles to fill with or eject blood.
Left Heart failure
Causes
Systemic Hypertension Endocarditis Myocarditis valve failure Myocardial ischaemia Cardiomyopathy High output states
Right heart failure
Causes
Congenital heart defect
Cor Pulmonale
Secondary to LV failure
Preload
Causes
Mitral valve incompetence-> overload
Constrictive pericarditis
Contractility
Causes
Ischaemia-> infarction
Myocarditis
Amyloidosis
Afterload
Causes
Increased arterial resistance
Aortic stenosis
Compensation for Cardiac Failure
Tachycardia
R-A-A mechanism
Ventricular hypertrophy-> dialation
-> Worse Cardiac failure
Classifying
Right vs left
Systolic vs diastolic
Low vs high CO
Acute vs Chronic
RV failure
Symptoms
P. Oedema
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Raised JVP
LV failure
Symptoms
Dyspnoea Orthopnoea Arrhythmias PND Decreased organ perfusion
LV failure
Pathology
Heart: Hypertrophy
Lungs: Congestion & oedema, alveolar fluid accumulation
RV failure
Pathology
Heart: varies
Liver & portal system: Centrilobular necrosis & fibrosis, cardiac cirrhosis
