Atherosclerosis & Aneurysms Flashcards
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and hoarding of the arteries
Arteriolosclerosis
Thickening of arterioles
Senile ateriosclerosis
Gradual diffuse dissension & tortuosity of the large arteries.
Medium-> fibrosis
Due to: Aging
Monckeberg’s sclerosis
Medial lesion
Medium-> Circumferential calcification
Due to: prolong ed material spasm
Risk factors
Age Systemic HTP Smoking Diabetes Hyperlipidaemia
Fam history
Elevated serum CRP
Low SES + birth weight Sedentary lifestyle Type A personality Obesity Diet
Complications
Atherosclerosis/ateriosclerosis/ arteriolosclerosis
Blood vessel occlusion compromising distal tissue perfusion
Plaque rupture & superadded thrombus +/- embolism with distal vessel obstruction
Destruction of the vessel wall & aneurysm formation
Aneurysms
Define
Localised, abnormal dilatation of any vessel including the heart, usually arteries
Atherosclerotic Aneurysms
Fusiform occasionally saccular
Mostly elderly
Sites: Abdominal aorta, iliac, femoral, popliteal
Vasculitic Aneuryms
Non infective(autoimmune)-> arteritis
Infective
Syphilitic: saccular (aortic arch)
Mycotic
Due to: weakening of wall by disseminating infection (infective endocarditis)
Histo: pyogenic infection
Berry Aneurysms
Saccular
Cause: Congenital weakness, HTP
Site: circle of Willis at branch point
Histo: deficiency in Media
Result: subarachnoid haemorrhage
Micro (Charcot-Bouchard) Aneurysms
Intercerebral
Diabetics: seen in retina
Dissecting Aneurysms
HTP Trauma Medial cystic necrosis Associated with Marfan's Syndrome -> Saccular Aneurysms
Cardiac Aneurysms
Post infarction
Annular subvalvular
True: complete transmural infarction of LV at apex/ ant.wall. contains thrombus & seldom ruptures.
False: myocardium rupture, parietal pericardium adherent prevents the leakage of blood.
Annular: congenital weakness in AV groove
Cirsoid Aneurysm
Dilated anastomosing arteries and veins
Rasmussen’s Aneurysms
An artery inside a TB cavity of lung
