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Pharma 2 > Cardiac Failure > Flashcards

Cardiac Failure Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Enalapril and captopril

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2
Q

ARB

A

Valsartan

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3
Q

Neprilysin inhibitors

A

Valsartan+sacubitril

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4
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor

A

Dapagliflozin

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5
Q

Vasopressors

A

NE

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6
Q

Inotropic agents are

A

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist, cardiac glycoside, calcium channel sensitizers and PDE3 inhibitor

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7
Q

Calcium channel sensitizers

A

Levosimendane

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8
Q

Cardiac glycoside

A

Digoxin

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9
Q

PDE 3inhibitor

A

Milrinone

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10
Q

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist

A

Dopamine and dobutamine

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11
Q

Treatment for heart failure mechanisms used

A

1.stimulation of cardiac performance 2.reductionmof heart load if necessary 3.delay in cardiac remodelling and fibrosis

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12
Q

Reduction of heart load can be done by

A

Negative chronotropy, reduce preload and afternoon,reduced circulating blood volume

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13
Q

Cardiac performance can be increased by

A

Increase in cardiac contractility, increase preload, increase ventricular filling time (diastole extension), increase amount of circulating blood volume

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14
Q

Vasodilators are

A

ACE inhibitors,ARB,ARNI,, 3rd gen BAB, calcium sensitizers, PDE3inhibitor, organic nitrate , Sodium nitroprusside

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15
Q

Dilation of arteries are done by

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

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16
Q

Reduction in circulatory blood volume is done by

A

ARNI,MRA, SGLT2 inhibitor, Diuretic

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17
Q

Negative chronotropy done by

A

2 Nd and 3rd gen BAB and SA node inhibitor, cardiac glycoside

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18
Q

Increase in contractility (inotropy) done by

A

Cardiac glycoside, calcium sensitizers, PDE3inhibitor,beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist

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19
Q

Delay of remodeling is done by

A

ACE inhibitors,ARB,ARNI,MRA,2 Nd ge and 3rd gen , SGLT2 inhibitor

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20
Q

ACE-I fn

A

Vasodilation and delay of cardiac remodelling

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21
Q

ARB fn

A

Vasodilation and delay of cardiac remodelling

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22
Q

ARNI fn

A

Vasodilation,delay of remodeling and reduction in circulatory blood volume

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23
Q

MRA fn

A

Reduction in circulatory blood volume and delay in cardiac remodelling

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24
Q

Second gen BAB fn

A

Negative chronotropy and delay in cardiac remodelling

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25
Q

3rd gen BAB fn

A

Negative chronotropy,delay in cardiac remodelling and vasodilation

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26
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor fn

A

Arterial dilation, reduce circulating volume and delay in cardiac remodelling

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27
Q

Diuretic fn

A

Reduction in circulatory blood volume

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28
Q

Sinus node inhibitor fn

A

Negative chronotropy

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29
Q

Cardiac glycoside fn

A

Negative chronotropy and positive inotropy

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30
Q

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist fn

A

Positive inotropy

31
Q

Calcium sensitizers fn

A

Vasodilation and positive inotropy

32
Q

PDE3INHIBITOR fn

A

Vasodilation and positive inotropy

33
Q

Organic nitrate and sodium nitroprusside fn

A

Vasodilation

34
Q

ACE I names

A

Captopril enalapril enalaprilat perindopril,ramipril

35
Q

ARB names

A

Valsartan candesartan losartan

36
Q

ACE I and ARB are

A

Antifibrotic and remodelling inhibitor

37
Q

Natriuretic peptide function

A

Vasodilation, sodium excretion, diuresis,anti fibrotic

38
Q

Neprilysin is

A

An enzyme that degrade Natriuretic peptide

39
Q

Neprilysin inhibitors are

A

Sacubitril

40
Q

ARB +neprilysin inhibitors are

A

ARNI

41
Q

Sacubitril is combined with ARB group because

A

Of increase in AT2, because neprilysin was responsible for both NP and AT2

42
Q

ARNI use

A

CHF

43
Q

ACE I is not used with sacubitril because

A

They can increase bradykinin leading to angioedema

44
Q

Spironolactone is

A

Non-selective MRA

45
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor are

A

Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin

46
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor acts on

A

SGLT2 receptor in proximal renal tubule causing glycosuria,in NHS exchanger in heart causing reduction in sodium and calcium ions intracellular and same happens when acts on SGLT2 1receptor in heart,but also reduces body weight

47
Q

Use of SGLT2 inhibitor (Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin)are

A

CHF

48
Q

Side effects of SGLT2 inhibitor are

A

Urinary tract infection due to glycosuria

49
Q

Furosemide is

A

Short acting,so also used in Acute Heart failure

50
Q

Loop diuretic cause SE

A

Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and ototoxicity

51
Q

Ivabradine use

A

CHF

52
Q

Cardiac glycoside, Digoxin inhibits

A

Na K pump,which further affects na Cal pump and increase intracellular calcium ions

53
Q

Potassium depleting diuretic with cardiac glycoside cause

A

Cardiotoxicity

54
Q

Negative chronotropy of cardiac glycoside is due to

A

N vagus parasympathomimetic effect

55
Q

Use of cardiac glycoside

A

AHF and CHF(They can accumulate: caution)

56
Q

SE cardiac glycoside

A

Rhythm disorders, extrasystole, atrial tachycardia,AV block, nausea diarrhea visual disturbance

57
Q

Digoxin T1/2

A

30 to 50 HR(depends on renal fn

58
Q

Acute overdose of cardiac glycoside cause symptoms

A

Nausea, vomiting, hyperkalemia, cardiac arrythmia

59
Q

ECG features of Digoxin

A

Increased PR I, decreased QT I,ST segment depression (hockey stick configuration)

60
Q

Treatment of Digoxin toxicity

A

Digoxin specific antibody, calcium gluconate/calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and glucose IV with insulin -to treat hyperkalemia

61
Q

Heart block or bradykardia can be treated by

A

Atropine

62
Q

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia can also be treated by

A

Lidocaine and phenytoin in case of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

63
Q

Dobutamine has

A

Positive inotropy effect by increasing calcium intracellular

64
Q

Dopamine acts on

A

D1,alpha 1 and beta 1 receptor

65
Q

Dopamine at low dose

A

Improves renal microcirculation

66
Q

Dopamine at medium dose

A

Positive inotropic and cardiotonic effect

67
Q

Dopamine at high dose

A

Vasopressor effect

68
Q

Levosimendane has triple action

A

Positive inotropy without using extraoxygen, vasodilation,cardioprotection

69
Q

Use of levosimendane (calcium sensitizers)

A

AHF

70
Q

Milrinone use

A

AHF

71
Q

GTN and sodium nitroprusside use

A

AHF

72
Q

Opioid receptor agonists morphine use

A

Reduce tachypnoea

73
Q

Vasopressor agents in hypotensive patients

A

NE

Pharma 2 (7 decks)

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