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Antihypertensive Agents Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Captopril, enalapril enalaprilat perindopril

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2
Q

AT1receptor blocker (ARB)

A

Valsartan

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3
Q

Calcium channel blockers dihydropiridine

A

Nifedipine and amlodipine

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4
Q

Selective Alpha 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

Doxazosin

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5
Q

Selective alpha 1 and non selective beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

Labetalol and carvedilol

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6
Q

Beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

2.metoprolol, bisoprolol 3-nebivolol

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7
Q

Selective central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist

A

Methyldopa

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8
Q

Central alpha 2 and imidazolin I1 receptor agonists

A

Clonidine

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9
Q

Selective imidazolin I1 receptor agonists (SIRA)

A

Moxonidine

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10
Q

NO modulators

A

Sodium nitroprusside and glyceril trinitrate

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11
Q

Factors determining BP

A

CMV, Circulating blood volume,TPR

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12
Q

CMV=

A

SV *HR

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13
Q

SV is dependent on

A

Contractility,Preload and afterload

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14
Q

Major BP regulator system

A

ANS,RAAS,local chemicalediators I’m the endothelium

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15
Q

Vasomotor centre control

A

CMV and vascular tone

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16
Q

BP can be increased by

A

Increased Preload,afterload and CMV

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17
Q

Preload and afterload can be increased by

A

Stimulation of postsynaptic as alpha 1 adrenoreceptor

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18
Q

If drug induced reduction in vascular tone, compensatory mechanism is

A

Increase HR

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19
Q

If drug induced reduction in CMV, compensatory mechanism is

A

Vasoconstriction

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20
Q

——system is slower than ANS in regulation of BP

A

RAAS

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21
Q

RAAS system increase BP by

A

Vasoconstriction and increasing circulating blood volume

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22
Q

Activators of Renin

A

Decrease in blood pressure, decreased blood flow in renal, decreased na in distal tubules, sympathetic nervous system stimulation

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23
Q

Angiotensin in AT 1 receptor cause

A

Increase in ROS,Inc in SNS,Inc Vasoconstriction,Inc in synthesis of ADH and Inc in ventricular hypertrophy

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24
Q

Angiotensin 2 in AT2RECETOPR

A

Inc in NO,Inc in Na excretion,reduced endothelial hypoxic injury, decrease BP inhibits vascular growth

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25
Q

Late compensatory antihypertensive response is

A

Structural remodelling or cardiovascular remodeling

26
Q

Primary antihypertensive drug groups

A

ACE1,ARB, BAB, calcium channel blockers, Diuretic agents

27
Q

Secondary antihypertensive agents

A

Centrally (SIRA, alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist); Peripheral (alpha 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist)

28
Q

Hypotensive activity of drug is done by

A

Reduction of preload, afterload and CMV

29
Q

Reduction in preload can be done by

A

Venodilation and reduction in circulating blood volume

30
Q

Reduction of afterload can be done by

A

Arteriodilation

31
Q

Reduction in CMV can be done by

A

Negative chronotropy and inotropy

32
Q

ACE inhibitors cause

A

Venous and arterial dilation,so decrease heart afterload and preload, decrease aldosterone secretion, decrease cardiovascular remodeling

33
Q

Captopril is

A

Short acting

34
Q

Enalaprilat is given as

35
Q

Enalapril and perindopril are

36
Q

Use of ACE inhibitors

A

Arterial hypertension,CHF, Coronary heart disease, Diabetic nephropathy (captopril)

37
Q

SE of ACE inhibitors are

A

Dry cough (due to inc bradykinin), Hyperkalemia (due to decrease aldosterone), teratogenic

38
Q

AT 1 blockers doesn’t affect

A

Bradykinin metabolism

39
Q

AT receptor blockers are

A

Valsartan, candesartan and losartan

40
Q

Use of AT 1 receptor blockers are

A

AH and CHF

41
Q

SE of AT 1 receptor blockers ,

A

Hyperkalemia , teratogenic

42
Q

Calcium channel blockers are

A

Arterial vasodilators (relaxes smooth muscles in heart and vessels), decrease afterload

43
Q

Eg of calcium channel blockers are

A

Nifedipine amlodipine nicardipine

44
Q

Duration of amlodipine is

45
Q

Clinical use of calcium channel blockers

A

AH, Coronary heart Disease, prevention of stable angina pectoris attack

46
Q

SE of calcium channel blockers

A

Constipation and peripheral edema (ankles)

47
Q

3rd gen BAB

A

Nebivolol, carvedilol, labetalol

48
Q

1st and 2nd gen BAB can cause

A

Reflex vasoconstriction

49
Q

Action of BAB

A

Dec in CMV by Dec HR and contractility;Dec Renin secretion, peripheral arterial vasodilation (3 rd gen)

50
Q

Action of Diuretics

A

Acts on loops and decrease circulating blood volume,long term affects vascular smooth muscles

51
Q

SE of doxazosin

A

First dose orthostatic hypotension and syncope and reflector tachycardia

52
Q

Centrally acting antihypertensive agents doesn’t cause

A

Reflex tachycardia

53
Q

I1 receptor are located in

A

RVLM of medulla oblongata

54
Q

SIRA action

A

Decrease SNS activity

55
Q

Use of SIRA

A

AH and metabolic syndrome

56
Q

which drug has equal affinity to alpha 2 adrenoreceptor and I1 receptor

57
Q

Use of clonidine

A

Antihypertensive therapy in urgent situations

58
Q

SE of clonidine

A

Bradycardia, sedation, dryness of mouth

59
Q

Methyldopa (cross BBB) use

A

Gestational hypertension

60
Q

Sodium nitroprusside (short acting vasodilatory)-decrease heart afterload and preload) use

A

Hypertensive emergency

61
Q

Combined alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blocker

62
Q

Labetalol use

A

Hypertensive emergency and urgency

Pharma 2 (7 decks)

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