CARDIAC ARREST AND USE OF ANAESTHESIA BREATHING CIRCUIT

Question 1

Cardiac arrest is more common in females

True or False?

Answer 1

False

Men>Women

Question 2

List the risk factors for cardiac arrest

Answer 2

Age
Obesity
Smoking
Immobility

Question 3

What is Cardiac arrest?

Answer 3

Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of cardiac function in a person who may or may not have been diagnosed with heart disease.

Question 4

Cardiac arrest is due to malfunction of the heart’s electrical system.

True or False

Answer 4

True

This causes Pump failure

Question 5

List the cardiac causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 5

1) Arrhythmias
2) Coronary artery disease
3) Structural heart disease

Question 6

List the non cardiac causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 6

• Hypovelmia
• Hypoxia
• Hypo- or hyperkalemia
• Hygrogen ions (acidosis)
• Hypothermia
• Hypo- or hyperglycemia
• Toxins or tablets
• Tamponade (cardiac)
• Tension pneumothorax
• Thrombosis (MI)
• Thromboembolism (PE)
• Trauma

Question 7

What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest

Answer 7

SYMPTOMS
• Mostly asymptomatic and sudden
• Others;
- chestpain inc,
- dizziness
- restlessness
- weakness
- resp distress
- sweating
- vomiting.

SIGNS
• Loss of consciousness
• Apnoea or Agonal breathing
• No pulse

Question 8

What is the protocol for management of ventilation in cardiac arrest

Answer 8

• CPR
-Defibrillation
• Treat reversible causes
• Post cardiac arrest care

Question 9

In BLS, what is the chest compression vs ventilation ratio

Answer 9

Adults = 30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations

Children = 30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations if you’re alone.
15 chest compressions to 2 ventilations if you have a partner.

Infants = 60 compressions to 2 ventilations.

Question 10

In hospital, how will you ventilate? (Equipment, compression/ventilation rate etc)

Answer 10

• ETT
• Compression 100/min
• 8- 10 breath/min (1 breath every 6-8 sec)
• Oxygen 100%
• Drugs

Question 11

List the shockable rhythms and what charge is used?

Answer 11

• Ventricular fibrillation
• Ventricular tachycardia

For adults, 360J shock is used

Question 12

List the shockable rhythms

Answer 12

• Asystole
• Pulseless electrical activity

Question 13

What do you do in post cardiac arrest care?

Answer 13

At return of circulation (without consciousness)

• Target cooling temperature to 32- 34oC ( 90-97oF) for 24hr

• Followed by target rewarming gradually over 24hrs

Question 14

What is a breathing system and list the commonly used systems

Answer 14

A breathing system an assembly of components which connects the patient airway to the anaesthesia machine creating an artificial atmosphere from and into which the patient breathes.

• Mapleson A
• Mapleson B
• Mapleson F

Question 15

Mapleson A is used for?

Answer 15

Spontaneous ventilation

Question 16

Mapleson B is used for?

Answer 16

Controlled ventilation

Question 17

Mapleson F is used for?

Answer 17

Paediatric ventillation

Question 18

What are the uses of anesthesia breathing system?

Answer 18

• During general anaesthesia to deliver gases from machine to patient. • During spontaneous respiration to deliver oxygen or air
• In the ICU for mechanical ventilation of patients
• During nebulisation of intubated and ventilated ICU patient
• Humidification during mech vent