Cardiac

Question 1

First line treatment for AF

Answer 1

beta blockers & non-dihydroppyridine

Question 2

Second line treatment for AF

Answer 2

Digoxin & amiodarone

Question 3

Digoxin works by slowing HR and decreasing AV nodal conduction by an increasing vagal tone and a decreasing sympathetic activity: true or false

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cautions for digoxin

Answer 4

Pregnancy- safe
BF- safe
Renal- reduce
Elderly- monitor closely

Question 5

Caution for amiodarone

Answer 5

Pregnancy- avoid
BF- avoid
Hepatic- use with caution
Elderly- more GI effects and bradycardia
Avoid- allergy, thyroid dysfunction, electrolyte disturbances & lung disease

Question 6

Practice points for amiodarone

Answer 6

Avoid sun exposure, grapefruit juice and will require regular blood tests, ECGs and chest x-rays

Question 7

3 types of Anticoagulants

Answer 7

Warfarin, heparin (incl LMWH) & Xa inhibitors

Question 8

Antiplatelets work in which system

Answer 8

arterial

Question 9

Anticoagulants work in which system

Answer 9

Venous

Question 10

Do antiplatelets or anticoagulants treat atherosclerosis & ACS

Answer 10

Antiplatelets

Question 11

Do antiplatelets or anticoagulants treat venous thromboembolism

Answer 11

Anticoagulants

Question 12

Aspirin, clopidogrel & dypirimadole

Answer 12

Antiplatelets

Question 13

3 drugs to treat acute angina episodes

Answer 13

Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers & long-acting nitrates

Question 14

glyceryl trinitrate & isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 14

Nitrates

Question 15

Verapamil, amlodipine, felodipine

Answer 15

Calcium channel blockers

Question 16

4 commonly used antihypertensives

Answer 16

Ace inhibitors, sartans (ARBs), CCB, thiazide diuretics

Question 17

Target lipid levels

Answer 17

TC <4
HDL >1
LDL <2

Question 18

What suffix is used for drugs that lower cholesterol

Answer 18

Statins

Question 19

Statin therapy requires monitoring of what 3 things

Answer 19

Liver function (aminotransferases), statin associated muscle soreness, baseline creatine kinase
**seek medical advice promptly if urine dark or any muscle pain

Question 20

Drugs to treat CHF

Answer 20

1. ACE/ARB
2. Beta blockers
3. Mineral corticoid receptor/aldosterone antagonists (MRA)
4. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2 inhibitors)