Cardiac Flashcards
First line treatment for AF
beta blockers & non-dihydroppyridine
Second line treatment for AF
Digoxin & amiodarone
Digoxin works by slowing HR and decreasing AV nodal conduction by an increasing vagal tone and a decreasing sympathetic activity: true or false
True
Cautions for digoxin
Pregnancy- safe
BF- safe
Renal- reduce
Elderly- monitor closely
Caution for amiodarone
Pregnancy- avoid
BF- avoid
Hepatic- use with caution
Elderly- more GI effects and bradycardia
Avoid- allergy, thyroid dysfunction, electrolyte disturbances & lung disease
Practice points for amiodarone
Avoid sun exposure, grapefruit juice and will require regular blood tests, ECGs and chest x-rays
3 types of Anticoagulants
Warfarin, heparin (incl LMWH) & Xa inhibitors
Antiplatelets work in which system
arterial
Anticoagulants work in which system
Venous
Do antiplatelets or anticoagulants treat atherosclerosis & ACS
Antiplatelets
Do antiplatelets or anticoagulants treat venous thromboembolism
Anticoagulants
Aspirin, clopidogrel & dypirimadole
Antiplatelets
3 drugs to treat acute angina episodes
Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers & long-acting nitrates
glyceryl trinitrate & isosorbide mononitrate
Nitrates
Verapamil, amlodipine, felodipine
Calcium channel blockers
4 commonly used antihypertensives
Ace inhibitors, sartans (ARBs), CCB, thiazide diuretics
Target lipid levels
TC <4
HDL >1
LDL <2
What suffix is used for drugs that lower cholesterol
Statins
Statin therapy requires monitoring of what 3 things
Liver function (aminotransferases), statin associated muscle soreness, baseline creatine kinase
**seek medical advice promptly if urine dark or any muscle pain
Drugs to treat CHF
- ACE/ARB
- Beta blockers
- Mineral corticoid receptor/aldosterone antagonists (MRA)
- Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2 inhibitors)
