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601 > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoas & anthelmintics are all types of?

A

Antimicrobials

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2
Q

Gram postive

A

Thicker cell wall

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3
Q

Gram negative

A

additional outer membrane

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4
Q

Bactericidal

A

Kills bacteria

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5
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Prevents growth

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6
Q

Narrow spectrum

A

active against few types

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7
Q

Broad spectrum

A

active against many types

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8
Q

Gentamicin, tobramycin & amikacin

A

Aminoglycosides (broad, IV only)

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Elderly- caution
Hepatic- safe
Children- safe but highly variable
Pregnancy- Specialist advise/reserve for life threatening
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce

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10
Q

Meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem-cilastatin

A

Carbapenems (broad, IV only)

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11
Q

Carbapenems

A

Elderly- caution
Hepatic- caution
Children- safe
Pregnancy- limited info
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce
Caution- penicillin allergy

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12
Q

Cefalexin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cefazolin

A

Cephalosporins (moderate-broad)

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13
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Elderly- safe
Hepatic- safe
Children- avoid in neonates
Pregnancy- limited info
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce
Caution- penicillin allergy

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14
Q

Vancomycin and teicoplanin

A

Glycopeptides (narrow)

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15
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Elderly- toxicity
Hepatic- safe
Children- safe
Pregnancy- limited info
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce

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16
Q

Clihdamycin & lincomycin

A

Lincosamides (moderate-broad)

17
Q

Cautions for Lincosamides

A

Elderly- safe
Hepatic- toxicity
Children- safe
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce

18
Q

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

A

Macrolides (broad)

19
Q

Macrolides

A

Elderly- safe
Hepatic- decrease in severe impairment
Children- limited info >6months
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce for severe impairment
Caution- many drug interactions

20
Q

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin

A

Penicillin (narrow, first line)

21
Q

Penicillin

A

Elderly- safe
Hepatic- contra. hx of cholestatic hepatitis
Children- safe
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce

22
Q

Ciptofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin

A

Quinolones (broad, for severe infections)

23
Q

Quinolones

A

Elderly- safe
Hepatic- toxicity
Children- avoid
Pregnancy- avoid
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce
Caution- tendon rupture

24
Q

Rifampicin, rifabutin, riflazimin

A

Rifamycins (broad)

25
Q

Rifamycins

A

Elderly- safe
Hepatic- decrease dose in severe
Children- safe
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce if severe
Caution- many drug interactions (contraceptives)

26
Q

Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline

A

Tetracyclines (oral, broad)

27
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Elderly- safe
Hepatic- reduce
Children- avoid > 8, discolours teeth
Pregnancy- safe first 18 weeks only
Breastfeeding- safe (7-10 day courses)
Renal- safe

601 (9 decks)

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