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601 > Antihistamines > Flashcards

Antihistamines Flashcards

1
Q

2 older & sedating antihistamines

A

dexchlorpheniramine (polaramine) & promethazine (phenergan)- crosses BBB

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2
Q

3 new antihistamines

A

cetirizine (zyrtec), loratadine (claratyne) & fexofenadine (telfast)

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3
Q

Cautions for older antihistamines

A

Elderly- avoid or reduce (risk of falls w/ sedation)
Children- not for <2
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- short term use
Caution- can cause retention

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4
Q

Cautions for newer antihistamines

A

Elderly- sedation risk but preferred
Children- safe
Hepatic- reduce dose, increased enzymes
Pregnancy- safe, but not a lot of data
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- reduce

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5
Q

Cautions for intranasal antihistamines

A

Elderly- safe
Children- >5 azelastine, >6 levocabastine
Hepatic- safe
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- safe

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6
Q

azelastine (Azep) & levocabastine (livostin)

A

Intranasal antihistamines

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7
Q

beclomethasone & fluticasone

A

intranasal corticosteroids (preventative)

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8
Q

Cautions for intranasal corticosteroids

A

Elderly- safe
Children- safe >2
Hepatic- safe
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- safe

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9
Q

phenylephrine (sudafed PE) & pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

A

oral decongestant

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10
Q

oxymetazoline & xylometazoline

A

intranasal decongestant

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11
Q

Cautions for oral decongestants

A

Elderly- more likely to have ADRs, reduce
Children- not for <6, 6-11 specialist advice
Hepatic- safe
Pregnancy- avoid, especially in first trimester
Breastfeeding- avoid
Renal- safe

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12
Q

Cautions for intranasal decongestants

A

Elderly- safe
Children- avoid < 6
Hepatic- safe
Pregnancy- safe
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- safe
Caution- can cause paradoxical effects after 2-3 days

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13
Q

Last line in allergies, causes nightmares, hallucinations, mood changes

A

Montelukast

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14
Q

Adrenaline IM action in the body

A

Restores BP and cardiac output
Lessens vasodilation to restore airways
Allows for bronchodilation to restore airways

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15
Q

Cautions for adrenaline

A

Elderly- safe
Children- safe, dosed by weight
Hepatic- safe
Pregnancy- safe, benefit outweighs risk
Breastfeeding- safe
Renal- safe

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16
Q

Further management of anaphylaxis

A

IV fluids (restore volume & BP), short acting beta agonists, glucagon, corticosteroids (4-6 hours for effect)

17
Q

Antihistamines primarily act by

A

Blocking histamine receptors

18
Q

Primary role of antigen presenting cells like macrophages in allergic reactions

A

Synthesize IgE antibodies

601 (9 decks)

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