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Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of dobutamine

A

Increasing contractility and promoting vasodilation along with increasing renal perfusion and UOP

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2
Q

Cardiac tamponade physiology

A

Beck triad- hypotension distended jugular veins and miffled heart tones
Narrowed pulse pressure, altered neuro status, pericardial rub, shock, tachycardia, and tachypnea

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3
Q

Beck triad

A

Beck triad- hypotension, from low CO, distended jugular veins, from heart compression, and muffled heart tones from fluid in the pericardial space

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4
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium often caused by bacterial or viral infections, metabolic disorders, medication reactions, kawasaki and some others
S/S- chest pain, fever, pericardial friction rub

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5
Q

B1 adrenergic stimulation

A

Increased myocardial contractility and increased heart rate

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6
Q

B2 adrenergic stimulation

A

Vasodilation

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7
Q

Alpha adrenergic stimulation

A

Increased SVR through smooth muscle contraction

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8
Q

Dopaminergic stimulation

A

Dilation of renal and mesenteric vasculature

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9
Q

1st line anti rejection medication

A

Methylprednisolone

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10
Q

Exercise stress testing goal HR formula

A

Peak HR= 220 - age in years

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11
Q

Stills murmur

A

*most common

Mid left sternal border grade 2-3 vibratory, quieter or disappears when upright

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12
Q

Pulmonary ejection murmur

A

8-14 y/o
Left upper sternal border
Grating, no radiating, grade 1

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13
Q

Venous hum

A

Innocent murmur
Continuous where diastolic is louder than systolic
Can only be heard when upright

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14
Q

Peripheral pulmonic stenosis murmur

A

Innocent
Newborns and preterm
Transmits to axilla and back
Disappears around 3-6 months

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15
Q

Carotid bruit

A

Supraclavicular

Innocent

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16
Q

Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever

Major

A 
Migratory arthritis
Carditis and valvulitis
CNS involvement-chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subq nodules
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17
Q

Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever

Minor

A

Argralgia
Fever
Elevated inflammatory markers
Prolonged PR

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18
Q

Main infectious agent of rheumatic fever

A

Group a strep

19
Q

Most deadly cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive because of the stiff heart walls

20
Q

Acute rheumatic fever management

A

Penicillin
Aspirin
Cards and ID consult

21
Q

Long qt syndrome tx

A

Beta blockers

May need an ICD or pacemaker

22
Q

S/sx of cardiomyopathy

A

Sob fatigue lethargy chf decreased appetite

23
Q

3 types of cardiomyopathies

A

Dilated hypertrophic and restrictive

24
Q

Cardiomyopathy management

A

Stable- ACE inhibitors or beta blockers

Acute- increase CO with inotropes vasodilators and diuretics

May need antivirals, IVIG, VAD ECMO or heart transplant

25
Q

Myocarditis

A

Serious acute infection of myocardium, usually viral

Very ill appearing with murmur, sinus tach at rest and sudden heart failure

26
Q

Gold standard myocarditis diagnostic

A

Biopsy ;EMB)

27
Q

Pericarditis symptoms

A

Fever tachypnea tachycardia friction rub and tamponade

28
Q

Myocarditis management

A

Ace dig diuretics ivig

29
Q

Pericarditis tx

A

Emergent pericardiocentesis

Abx for 3-4 weeks for presumed staff and hflu

30
Q

Endocarditis symptoms

A

Fever murmur embolus phenomenon myalgias malaise Pete his vasculitis and osler nodes

31
Q

Which way to acyanotic lesions shunt

A

Left to right

32
Q

Hallmark vsd murmur

A

Regurgitant systolic murmur at llsb

Usually holosystolic

33
Q

Hallmark signs of ASD

A

Female and slender
Widely split fixed S2 grade 2/3 at LUSB
often asymptomatic and spontaneously close

34
Q

3 components of AV canal

A

ASD, inlet VSD, abnormal formation of AV valves resulting in l to r shunting

35
Q

Coarc symptoms

A

Upper extremity hypertension absent of weak LE pulses, pulmonary edema in neonates with LV failure, risk for intracranial hemorrhage

36
Q

Vascular ring

A

Trachea and esophagus surrounded by vascular structures or the aorta causing compression

37
Q

Vascular sling

A

Pulmonary artery is between trachea and esophagus causing trachea compression

38
Q

4 defects in TOF

A

Vsd
Rvot obstruction
Overriding aorta
Rvh

39
Q

How to treat a tet spell

A 
Oxygen
Morphine
Knee to chest 
Bicarb
*try to keep calm to prevent
40
Q

Pulmonary atresia tx

A

PGE at birth then BT shunt

41
Q

BT shunt

A

Used to increase pulmonary blood flow in ductal dependent lesions
Basically making a PDA
Connection between PA and carotid

42
Q

Cardiac complication of RF

A

Mitral stenosis

43
Q

Complications/sx of mitral stenosis

A

Fatigue SOB hemoptysis LA enlargement, a fib, blood clots, pulmonary edema, pulmonary htn
Grade 1-4 apical murmur

44
Q

Treatment for unstable SVT

A

Synchronized cardioversion 0.5-1j

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