Carcinogens Flashcards
Alkylating agents
Leukemia and lymphomas. (Side effect of chemotherapy)
Aflatoxins
Hepatocellular carcinoma
-derived from aspergillosis in grains
Alcohol
Squamous cell carcinoma of pro pharynx and upper esophagus, pancreatic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma
Arsenic
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, angiosarcoma of liver
Asbestos
Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma
- Bronchogenic carcinoma (highest risk!)
- Mesothelioma
Cigarette smoke
Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder
-main carcinogen is polycyclic hydrocarbons
Nitrosamines
Stomach carcinoma (Intestinal type)
-found in smoked foods, high rate seen in Japan
Naphthylamine
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
-derived from cigarette smoke
Vinyl chloride
Angiosarcoma of liver
-occupational exposure, seen in PVC pipes
Nickel, chromium, beryllium, silica
Lung carcinoma
EBV
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (think Asian or African country), Burkitts lymphoma, CNS lymphoma in AIDS patient
HHV-8
Kaposi sarcoma
-think European males, AIDS, transplant patients
HBV and HCV
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HTLV-1
Adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma
High risk HPV (16,18,31,33)
Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, cervix, adenocarcinoma of cervix
Ionizing (nuclear reactor accidents and radiotherapy)
AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Generates hydroxyl free radicals
Non ionizing (UVB sunlight is most common source)
Basal cell carcinoma, SCC, melanoma of skin
-results in formation of pyrimidine diners in DNA, which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease
Carbon tetrachloride
Liver centrilobular necrosis, fatty change
(Free radical injury with cellular swelling, ribosomes pop off, decreased protein synthesis, decreased apolipoproteins leads to fatty change in liver)
H. Pylori
Gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma (2 types of cancer!)
Schistosoma haematobium
Squamous cell bladder cancer
Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
Cholangiocarcinoma
