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Pathology > Carcinogens > Flashcards

Carcinogens Flashcards

0
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Leukemia and lymphomas. (Side effect of chemotherapy)

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1
Q

Aflatoxins

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

-derived from aspergillosis in grains

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2
Q

Alcohol

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of pro pharynx and upper esophagus, pancreatic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma

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3
Q

Arsenic

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, angiosarcoma of liver

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4
Q

Asbestos

A

Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma

  1. Bronchogenic carcinoma (highest risk!)
  2. Mesothelioma
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5
Q

Cigarette smoke

A

Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder

-main carcinogen is polycyclic hydrocarbons

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6
Q

Nitrosamines

A

Stomach carcinoma (Intestinal type)

-found in smoked foods, high rate seen in Japan

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7
Q

Naphthylamine

A

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

-derived from cigarette smoke

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8
Q

Vinyl chloride

A

Angiosarcoma of liver

-occupational exposure, seen in PVC pipes

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9
Q

Nickel, chromium, beryllium, silica

A

Lung carcinoma

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10
Q

EBV

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (think Asian or African country), Burkitts lymphoma, CNS lymphoma in AIDS patient

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11
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

-think European males, AIDS, transplant patients

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12
Q

HBV and HCV

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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13
Q

HTLV-1

A

Adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma

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14
Q

High risk HPV (16,18,31,33)

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, cervix, adenocarcinoma of cervix

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15
Q

Ionizing (nuclear reactor accidents and radiotherapy)

A

AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Generates hydroxyl free radicals

16
Q

Non ionizing (UVB sunlight is most common source)

A

Basal cell carcinoma, SCC, melanoma of skin

-results in formation of pyrimidine diners in DNA, which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease

17
Q

Carbon tetrachloride

A

Liver centrilobular necrosis, fatty change
(Free radical injury with cellular swelling, ribosomes pop off, decreased protein synthesis, decreased apolipoproteins leads to fatty change in liver)

18
Q

H. Pylori

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma (2 types of cancer!)

19
Q

Schistosoma haematobium

A

Squamous cell bladder cancer

20
Q

Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

Pathology (7 decks)

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