Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem Test II > Carbs V > Flashcards

Carbs V Flashcards

1
Q

What do proteoglycans do that contribute to the extracellular matrix?

A

acidic and hydrophilic character of proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What contributes to the gel-like property of the ECM?

A

proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What forms the core protein of proteoglycans?

A

hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the carbohydrate sidechains of the proteoglycans?

A

glycosaminoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the carbohydrate side chains consist of proteoglycans consist what kind of acid?

A

glucoronic or iduronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What charge do glycosaminoglycans possess?

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does this negative charge of GAGs do?

A

attracts and entraps water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sugar residues are attached to proteoglycans at what amino acid residues?

A

serine and asparagine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the carbohydrate side chain of GAGs consist of?

A

alternating amino-sugar and acid side chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What transfers sulfate groups? When does this transfer occur?

A

sulfotransferases

AFTER the polysaccharide chains have been synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When are the proteoglycans attached to hyaluronic acid?

A

after the proteoglycan has been secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are proteoglycans degraded?

A

lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are proteoglycans sulfated?

A

Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are mucopolysaccharidoses?

A

genetic defect in any one of the lysosomal hydrolase protein that degrade proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hunter Syndrome?

A

dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate

iduronate sulfatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hurler-Scheie syndrome?

A

Dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate

alpha-iduronase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sanfilippo’s Syndrome

A

Heparan sulfate

18
Q

What three sugars does the body need for protein glycosylation?

A

mannose

fucose

galactose

19
Q

How is UDP-glucose converted to UDP-galactose?

A

UDPG 4 Epimerase

20
Q

Where do glycosylation reactions occur?

A

Liver

21
Q

What are xenobiotics generally attached to to contribute to their hydrophobicity?

A

UDP-glucoronate

22
Q

What enzyme performs these xenobiotic glycosylation reactions?

A

UDP-glucoronate glucoroosyltransferase (UGT)

23
Q

What pathway does acetominophen get shuttled to if the orignal is overwhelmed?

A

NAQBI

24
Q

What sugar is transferred to bilirubin to aid in its’ excretion?

A

glucoronic acid

25
Q

What activates PFK II?

A

F6P and AMP

26
Q

WHat inactivates PFK II?

A

PKA

27
Q

What are the two pathways that RBCs can metabolize carbohydrates?

A

glycolysis and PPP

28
Q

What can muscle and hearts cells not metabolically perform?

A

Fatty acid synthesis

29
Q

During proteoglycan synthesis, what amino acid residues are sugar residues attached?

A

serine and asparagine

30
Q

Where are proteoglycans degraded?

A

lysosomes

31
Q

What component of the proteoglycan requires specific hydrolases for its degradation in the lysosome?

A

glycosaminoglycan

32
Q

Deficiency in what enzyme causes Hurler-Scheie disease?

A

alpha-iduronase

33
Q

Deficiency in what enzyme causes Hunter?

A

Iduronate Sulfatase

34
Q

What enzyme converts Glc-6-P to F-6-P?

A

phosphoglucose isomerase

35
Q

What enzyme converts F6P to M6P?

A

phosphomannose isomerase

36
Q

Where do glycosylation reactions occur?

A

Liver

37
Q

What serves as an activated sugar substrate for glycosylation reactions?

A

UDP-glucoronate

38
Q

What enzyme is responsible for detoxifying substrates in the liver?

A

UDP-glucoronate glucoronosyltransferase

39
Q

What molecules does UDP-glucoronate offer for detoxification of substrates?

A

glucoronic acid

40
Q

What system will be activated by acetominophen if UGT pathway is overwhelmed?

A

p450

41
Q

What does p450 oxidize acetominophen to? What does the molecule do?

A

NAQBI.

NAQBI causes liver damage due to the production of free radicals

42
Q

What molecule is transferred to bilirubin for its excretion?

A

glucoronic acid

Biochem Test II (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions