Carbs V Flashcards
What do proteoglycans do that contribute to the extracellular matrix?
acidic and hydrophilic character of proteoglycans
What contributes to the gel-like property of the ECM?
proteoglycans
What forms the core protein of proteoglycans?
hyaluronic acid
What are the carbohydrate sidechains of the proteoglycans?
glycosaminoglycans
the carbohydrate side chains consist of proteoglycans consist what kind of acid?
glucoronic or iduronic acid
What charge do glycosaminoglycans possess?
negative
What does this negative charge of GAGs do?
attracts and entraps water
Sugar residues are attached to proteoglycans at what amino acid residues?
serine and asparagine
What do the carbohydrate side chain of GAGs consist of?
alternating amino-sugar and acid side chain
What transfers sulfate groups? When does this transfer occur?
sulfotransferases
AFTER the polysaccharide chains have been synthesized
When are the proteoglycans attached to hyaluronic acid?
after the proteoglycan has been secreted
Where are proteoglycans degraded?
lysosome
Where are proteoglycans sulfated?
Golgi
What are mucopolysaccharidoses?
genetic defect in any one of the lysosomal hydrolase protein that degrade proteoglycans
Hunter Syndrome?
dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate
iduronate sulfatase
Hurler-Scheie syndrome?
Dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate
alpha-iduronase
Sanfilippo’s Syndrome
Heparan sulfate
What three sugars does the body need for protein glycosylation?
mannose
fucose
galactose
How is UDP-glucose converted to UDP-galactose?
UDPG 4 Epimerase
Where do glycosylation reactions occur?
Liver
What are xenobiotics generally attached to to contribute to their hydrophobicity?
UDP-glucoronate
What enzyme performs these xenobiotic glycosylation reactions?
UDP-glucoronate glucoroosyltransferase (UGT)
What pathway does acetominophen get shuttled to if the orignal is overwhelmed?
NAQBI
What sugar is transferred to bilirubin to aid in its’ excretion?
glucoronic acid
