Carbs & Nucleotides Flashcards
What is an aldehyde?
A hydrocarbon with a C=O group at the end of a chain
What is a ketone?
A hydrocarbon with a C=O group within the chain.
What is an aldose?
Sugar with an aldehyde
What is a ketose?
Sugar with a ketone
The suffix -ose indicates…
a carbohydrate.
What is the function of glucose within the body?
To serve as a source of energy in biochemical reactions.
What is glucose stored as in plants and animals
Starch = plants Glycogen = animals
Monosaccharide + alcohol = ?
Acetal. Commonly known as glycosides.
a-glucose + a-glucose = ?
Maltose
b-galactose + b-glucose = ?
Lactose
a-glucose + b-fructose = ?
Sucrose
Which polysaccharides store energy?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose.
What is starch made from?
Amylose and amylopectin.
What is digestion?
Enzyme catalysed hydrolysis of carbohydrates
Breakdown the steps of glycolysis.
- Glucose > 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP
- Pyruvate > Acetyl S-coenzyme A + NADH
- Krebs cycle applies
- 2 ATP + 2 NADH produced
What are chains of nucleotides called?
Nucleic acid
Structure of nucleotide
Sugar, base and phosphate
What is DNA?
Nucleic acid that stores genetic information
What role does RNA play?
Utilizes the information from DNA to produce proteins among other molecules.
What is a nucleoside made of?
Sugar & base
What is the bond called between two nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bond
