Carboxylic acids and esters

Question 1

what is the functional group for a carboxylic acid

Answer 1

-COOH (carboxyl)

Question 2

what is the suffix for a carboxylic acid

Answer 2

oic acid

Question 3

what number carbon is the carboxyl group always on

Answer 3

carbon 1 (end of the molecule)

Question 4

can carboxylic acids dissolve and why

Answer 4

can dissolve in polar substances like water as they hydrogen bond with water molecules

Question 5

what makes a carboxylic acid less soluble

Answer 5

the bigger the hydrocarbon part

Question 6

are carboxylic acids strong or weak

Answer 6

weak

Question 7

when carboxylic acids react with carbonates what forms

Answer 7

salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 8

what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal

Answer 8

salt and hydrogen

Question 9

what are acyl chlorides and what is their functional group

Answer 9

COCl
suffix is oyl chloride
acyl group is always carbon 1

Question 10

how are acyl chlorides made

Answer 10

by reacting carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2)

Question 11

what do acyl chlorides react with

Answer 11

water, ammonia, alcohol and primary amines

Question 12

what happens when acyl chloride reacts

Answer 12

the Cl is substituted with either an oxygen or nitrogen

Question 13

what is produced when ethanoyl chloride reacts with water and what type of reaction is it

Answer 13

ethnoic acid and HCl (Cl is replaced by OH group)
nucleophilic substitution

Question 14

what type of reaction is ethanoyl chloride reacting with ammonia and what is produced

Answer 14

ethanamide (Cl is replaced with NH2 group) and HCl
nucleophilic substitution

Question 15

what is produced when ethanoyl chloride reacts with methanol

Answer 15

methyl ethanoate (Cl is replaced by methyl group)
and HCl

Question 16

what is produced when ethanoyl chloride reacts with primary amines

Answer 16

N-methyl ethanamide
N represents nitrogen

Question 17

what is an acid anhydride

Answer 17

molecule made up of two carboxylic acids that are the same

Question 18

how are acid anhydrides named

Answer 18

name the known carboxylic acid it is made from and removing ‘-acid’ and adding ‘anhydride’ on the end

Question 19

what happens when alcohol reacts with an acid anhydride

Answer 19

ester produced and a carboxylic acid

Question 20

what happens when acyl chlorides react with phenol

Answer 20

esters are formed

Question 21

how are esters usually formed

Answer 21

alcohol and carboxylic acid

Question 22

what are esters

Answer 22

have the COO group

Question 23

how are esters formed

Answer 23

when an acid anhydride reacts with an alcohol or when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in presence of a slfuric acid catalyst

Question 24

how are esters named

Answer 24

frist bit is named from the alcohol and second bit is from carboxylic acid

Question 25

when esters undergo acid hydrolysis what happens

Answer 25

dilute acid is used to split and acid into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol,
use sulphuric or hydrochloric acid
conducted under reflux

Question 26

what happens when more water is used in acid hydrolysis

Answer 26

equilibrium shifts right so more product is formed