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Organic chem > carboxylic acids > Flashcards

carboxylic acids Flashcards

1
Q

what is a carboxylic acid

A

alcohol group bonded to a carbonyl group

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2
Q

equation for carboxylic acids and carbonates

A

-2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 = 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H20

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3
Q

test for carboxylic acids

A

carbonates
-observe fizzing because of carbon dioxide produced

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4
Q

what happens if 2 molecules of water are next to carboxylic acids

A

hydrogen bonds form as oxygens have lone pairs and partial negative charges

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5
Q

properties of COOH

A

soluble in water
higher melting points because they form dimers

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6
Q

dimer

A

when two molecules hydrogen bond together

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7
Q

carboxylic acid with metal

A

forms salt and hydrogen

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8
Q

methanoic acid and sodium oxide reaction

A

form sodium methanoate and water

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9
Q

methanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form

A

sodium methanoate
-water
carbon dioxide

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10
Q

COOH react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form

A

metal salts and water

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11
Q

COOH react with metal carbonates to form

A

metal salts
-water
-carbon dioxide

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12
Q

carboxylic acid ion

A

ethanoate ion eg

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13
Q

carboxylate ions

A

butanoate
propanoate
ethanoate

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14
Q

when to carboxylate ions form

A

found in salts produced when carboxylic acids react with metals
metal oxides or hydroxides
or metal carbonates

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15
Q

how do carboxylic acids act as acids

A

they lose hydrogen ions aka lose protons
-they lose hydrogen which leaves oxygen with negative charge but molecule more stable because electrons delocalized and charge spread between double bonded oxygen and oxygen from alcohol and carbon

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16
Q

structural formula of simple ester

A

HCOOCH3

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17
Q

ethanoic acid and ethanol products of reaction

A

ester and water

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18
Q

formation of esters

A

carboxylic acids+ alcohol = ester + water

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19
Q

what acids could we use as reagents when forming esters

A

HCL
-H2SO4

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20
Q

conditions for making esters

A

concentrated drops of sulfuric acid and heat reaction

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21
Q

naming esters

A

treat chain with first carbon with highest priority
-only make root name from carbons until double bond
-number of carbons plus anoate as root of name eg ethanoate
-propylethanoate
-or eg propyl 4-methylpentanoate

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22
Q

whats the alcohol part

A

the shortest part next to the ester functional group that comes first in the name

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23
Q

type of reaction between forming esters

A

reversible reaction

24
Q

conditiions required for hydrolysis of esters

A

presence of strong acid
-acid catalyst

25
Q

products when propyl methanoate is hydrolysed by sodium hydroxide

A

sodium methanoate

26
Q

hydrolysis of ester under acidic conditions products

A

acid catalyst
-results in acid and alcohol

27
Q

alkaline conditions for hydrolysis of ester products

A

-salt
-alcohol
-alkali consumed in reaction
-non reversible- no equilibrium

28
Q

name of molecule with 2 hydroxyl groups

29
Q

IUPAC name for glycerol

A

propane-1,2,3-triol

30
Q

difference between oil and fat

A

oil liquid at room temp and fat solid

31
Q

is an ester an oil or fat

A

fat
-melting point 32

32
Q

uses of esters

A

moisturisers
-medicine
-biodiesel

33
Q

best fuels made from which esters

A

methyl esters

34
Q

why is fuel from esters better than other fuel

A

because is releases less pollutants and is more efficient

35
Q

reaction to produce methyl ester and glycerol

A

ester plus alcohol = glycerol plus ester

36
Q

how is biodiesel produced

A

made of molecules that are esters
-formed by carboxylic acids with long chains and alcohols with short chains
-produced by reacting vegetable oil methanol in the presence of a strong alkali catalyst

37
Q

carboxylic acid derivatives

A

acyl chlorides
-acid anhydrides
-esters

38
Q

carboxyl group derives from carboxylic acid

A

acyl group

39
Q

acid chlorides

A

molecules with chlorine next to carboxyl group

40
Q

general formula for acyl chlorides

41
Q

equation between ethanoic acid and sulfurous dichloride

A

CH3COOH + SOCL2 = CH3COCL + SO2 + HCL

42
Q

shape of SOCL2

A

trigonal pyramidal
-bond angle 107

43
Q

naming acyl chlorides

A

-root number of carbons next to double bond oxygen
-add noyal chloride
-eg ethanoyl chloride

44
Q

acid anhydride

A

2 carboxylic acids and remove 2H and O
-product acid anhydride - because dehydrated
-reversible reaction

45
Q

naming acid anhydrides

A

first name number of carbons and name as propanoic or ethanoic and anhydride at the end

46
Q

definition for acid anhydrides

A

two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom
-or 2 carbonyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom

47
Q

general formula for acid anhydrides

48
Q

properties of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides

A

-smell of acids they are dervied from
-react with water

49
Q

acyl chloride reaction with water

A

produces ethanoic acid and HCL

50
Q

reaction between acid anhydride and water

A

2 molecules of methanoic acid

51
Q

whats elimination reaction

A

two pi bonds break and sigma bonds form

52
Q

products of alcohols and acyl chlorides

A

esters and hydrogen chloride

53
Q

amide

A

double bond oxygen with nitrogen
nitrogen bonded to carbonyl group

54
Q

equation for reaction between ethanoyl chloride and excess ammonia

A

CH3COCL + 2NH3 = CH3CONH2 + NH4CL

Organic chem (10 decks)

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