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Organic chem > alkenes > Flashcards

alkenes Flashcards

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1
Q

what types of alkenes molecules

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons

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2
Q

alkenes features

A

no rings
double carbon bond
hydrocarbons

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3
Q

general formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

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4
Q

how to put number when naming alkenes

A

put number after prefix of longest chanin of carbons and before suffix ene

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5
Q

low number priority for methyl or alkene

A

alkene over methyl

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6
Q

main chain of alkenes

A

must include double bond

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7
Q

properties of alkenes

A

non polar
only have van der waal
as length increases number of electrons increases
melting and boiling point increases
insoluble in water
4 electrons in double bond
high electron density

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8
Q

what prevents alkenes from moving

A

double bonds

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9
Q

what bonds do double bonds have

A

sigma and pi bond

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10
Q

how can alkenes rotate

A

breaking pi bond
requires energy or photons

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11
Q

rotation of pi bonds

A

restricted

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12
Q

stererisomers

A

same structural formula but different spacial arrangments

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13
Q

structural isomerism

A

same molecular but different different structural

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14
Q

substituent

A

atom or group of atoms which could be replaced by a hydrogen atom

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15
Q

z isomer

A

substituents on same side of molecule

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16
Q

e isomer

A

substituents on different side of molecule

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17
Q

CIP rule

A

-look at end of bond with 2 substituents
one with higher atomic number gets priority

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18
Q

isomers with 4 substituents

A

look on both sides and see priority atoms
compare positions of substituents relative to each other
if tie consider atoms further away

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19
Q

how to test for alkenes

A

use reddish brownish bromine that turns colourless when added to solution with double bonds

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20
Q

product of reaction of alkene and bromine

A

alkene plus bromine- bromine is 2 carbon bromine and hydrogen molecule

21
Q

equation for bromine and alkene reaction

A

alkene plus br2 = alkenebr2

22
Q

equation of alkene and hydrogen bromide

A

alkene + HBr = alkene plus 1 H and Br

23
Q

equation for alkene and sulfuric acid

A

alkene + H2SO4 = alkene plus H and S

24
Q

intermediate molecule with electrophillic addition

A

carboncation molecule
ions of whatever

25
Q

steps of bromine electrohpilic addition

A

-alkene with H-Br
-double bond arrow to H
-arrow from bond to Br broken
alkane with H and carbon cation
Cation arrow to Br-

26
Q

oxygen hydrogen bonds

A

polar

27
Q

steps of sulfuric acid mechanism electrophillic addition

A

-double bond of alkene to hydrogen of H2so4
-hydrogen oxygen bond breaks
-electron goes to oxygen
-alkane with carbon cation
-H2so4 without extra hydrogen and oxygen lone pairs
-oxygen pairs with cation cabron
-final product ethyl hydrogen sulfate

28
Q

unsymetrical and symetrical alkenes

A

ethene symetrical
propene not

29
Q

major product formed

A

when pi bond broken hydrogen or molecule bonds to carbon with more hydrogens
-can work out major product

30
Q

minor product

A

small amount of substance formed

31
Q

how are carbocations more stable

A

the more alkyl groups the carbons bonded to the n=more stable it is
alkyl is CH2 or Ch3

32
Q

how do alkyl groups stabalise carboncations

A

donate electron density to positive carbon to stabalise

33
Q

primary carbon cation

A

one alkyl group

34
Q

secondary carbocation

A

2 alkyl groups

35
Q

tertiary carbocation

A

3 alkyl groups or more
most stable

36
Q

addition polymer

A

marcomolecule that can be broken down to make alkenes
vice versa

37
Q

addition polymerisation

A

alkenes formed to make macromolecules

38
Q

forces of macromolecules

A

intermolecular forces string because long molecules

39
Q

how to name polymers

A

take name of monomer around brackets and add poly infront

40
Q

double bonds in polyethene

A

none
all broken in polymerisation

41
Q

why are polymers strong

A

lots of electrons
strong van der wall forces

42
Q

forces between polymers

A

-dipole dipole
hydrogen bonds
van der waal

43
Q

why does addition polymerisaiton take place

A

unsaturated alkenes less stable than saturated

44
Q

how to draw polymers

A

draw double bonds together
-side chains above
take put double bonds

45
Q

PVC

A

Cl more electronegative
partial negative charge
polar bond
-rigidity
dipole dipole
van der waal

46
Q

flexible PVC

A

spacer which separates bonds of PVC
no dipole dipole

47
Q

plastaciser

A

separates PVC
flexible

48
Q
A

Organic chem (9 decks)

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