Carboxylic acid derivatives

Question 1

Describe the process of esterifercation

Answer 1

Alcohols and carbocylic acids are heated under reflux with sulfuric acids to produce esters and water.

Question 2

Describe using reactants, the three ways to make esters

Answer 2

Carboxylic acid
Acid anhydride
acyl chloride

+alcohol

Question 3

What two ways can ester be hydrolised?

Answer 3

Via acid hydrolysis or alkaline hydrolysis

Question 4

What process is the reverse of acid hydrolysis of an ester

Answer 4

esterifercation

Question 5

Describe acid hydrolysis of an ester

Answer 5

An ester is heated under reflux with a dilute aqeous acid.
Water breaks down the ester with the acid as a catalyst.
Producing an alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Question 6

Describe alkaline hydrolysis of an ester

Answer 6

An ester is heated under reflux with an aqueous alkaline (NaOH to produce OH- ions).
Producing a carboxylate salt and alcohol.

Question 7

How are acyl chlorides formed?

Answer 7

Reacting carboxylic acids with SOCl₂ and HCl.

Question 8

What is produced when acyl chlorides react with water?

Answer 8

Carboxylic acid and HCl.

Question 9

How are primary amides produced?

Answer 9

Acyl chlorides react with ammonia

Question 10

How are secondary amides produced

Answer 10

Amines react with acyl chlorides