Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define hydrocarbon

A

compound containing hydrogen and carbon only.

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2
Q

define saturated

A

a compound containing single carbon-carbon bonds only.

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3
Q

Define unsaturated

A

A compound containing one or more double carbon-carbon bond.

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4
Q

What does the term aliphatic mean?

A

a compound which has its carbon atoms joined together as straight, branched or cyclic (non aromatic/ no benzene).

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5
Q

What does the term alicyclic mean?

A

A compound which atoms are joined together in a (cyclic) ring structure, which is non aromatic (excluding benzene).

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6
Q

What does the term aromatic mean?

A

Any compound which contains a benzene ring.

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7
Q

Alkane structure

A

contain single carbon-carbon bonds.

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8
Q

Alkene structure

A

Contains at least one double carbon-carbon bond.

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9
Q

Alkynes structure

A

Containes at least one triple carbon-carbon bond.

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10
Q

name the alkane groups.

A

1-Meth
2-Eth
3-Prop
4-But
5-Pent
6-Hex
7-Hept
8-Oct
9-Non
10-Dec

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11
Q

Define homologous series

A

A series of compounds containing the same functional group with each successive member differing by CH2.

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12
Q

Define functional group

A

A group of atoms responosible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.

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13
Q

Describe alkyl groups and give their structural formula.

A

hydrocarbon side chains
C n H 2n+1

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14
Q

Define General formula and give the example for alkanes

A

Simplest algebraic formula of a memeber in the homologus series.
Alkanes = C (n) H (2n+2)

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15
Q

Define displayed formula

A

The displayed formula shows the realtive position of atoms and the bonds between them.

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16
Q

Define the structural formula and give the example for Butane

A

The structural formula gives the minium amount of detail to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Butane = CH3CH2CH2CH3

17
Q

Skeletal formula

A

Simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.

18
Q

What is the alkane with 5 carbons?

A

pentane

19
Q

What is the alkane with 7 carbons?

A

heptane

20
Q

What is the alkane with 6 carbons?

A

hexane

21
Q

What is the alkane with 8 carbons?

A

Octane

22
Q

What is the alkane with 9 carbons?

A

Nonane

23
Q

What is the alkane with 10 carbons?

A

Decane

24
Q

What is a radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron

25
Q

Define what occurs in homolytic fission?

A

A covalent bond is brocken, each of the bonded atoms take one electron form the covelant bond’s shared pair of electrons.

26
Q

Define what occurs in Heterolytic fission?

A

When a covalent bond is brocken one of the bonded atoms takes both electrons, forming a negative ion, the other atom forms a positive ion.

27
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae.

28
Q

what does a curly arrow show?
(double headed)

A

the movement of an electron pair

29
Q

What happens in an addition reaction?

A

Two reactants join together to form one product.

30
Q

What happens in an elimination reaction?

A

One reactant molecule forms two products.

31
Q

What happens in a substitution reaction?

A

An atoms/group of atoms on a molecule is replaced by another atom/group of atoms.