Acids, Bases and neutralisation

Question 1

Common acids (4)

Answer 1

HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH

Question 2

Common Bases

Answer 2

NaOH, KOH, NH3

Question 3

Bronsted Lowry definition of an acid

Answer 3

A species that can donate a proton (H+ ion)

Question 4

Bronsted Lowry definition of a Base

Answer 4

A Species that accepts a proton (H+ ion)

Question 5

Definition of a weak acid

Answer 5

A weak acid only partially dissociates in an aqueous solution

Question 6

Definition of a strong acid

Answer 6

A Strong acid completely dissociates in solution

Question 7

What occurs in the neutralisation of an acid

Answer 7

H+ ions from the acid react with a base to form salt and water.

Question 8

Name the 4 common bases

Answer 8

metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, ammonia

Question 9

Soluble bases are

Answer 9

Alkalis

Question 10

Metal oxides and hydroxides neutralise acids to produce

Answer 10

Salt and water

Question 11

Metal carbonates neutralise acids to produce

Answer 11

salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 12

Acid base titrations are use to find?

Answer 12

The concentration of a solution (acid or base) or the purity

Question 13

Prepare a standard solution (7 steps)

Answer 13

1. Calculate the mass of solid needed for the concentration.
2. Weigh the mass accurately.
3. Dissolve the mass using distilled water into a beaker (use less distilled water than needed for the volumetric flask).
   4.Transfer the solution into a volumetric flask, using distilled water to rinse any solution remaining in the beaker.
4. Add distilled water into the volumetric flask to the graduation line until the bottom of the meniscus is in line with the mark.
5. Invert the flask back and forth to ensure the solution is thoroughly mixed for a consistent titre.

Question 14

Acid base titre procedure (6 steps)

Answer 14

1. Add a solution ( usually alkaline) into a conical flask, using a volumetric pipette, for a known value.
2. Add the other solution (usually acid) to the burette, to the nearest 0.05cm3 measuring using the bottom of the meniscus.
3. Add a few drops of indicator to the conical flask (and white ceramic tile under)
4. Roughly run the solution in the burette into the conical flask (swirling the flask while), until a colour change occurs, as a rough titre.
5. Record the burette reading to get the titre (volume added to flask, final - initial burette reading).
6. Repeat the titration, adding dropwise when close to the titre value for an accurate reading, repeat until two concordant values are achieved (0.10 cm 3)
7. work out the mea titre (excl rough titre).

Question 15

How to work out the mean titre

Answer 15

Average the values of all titres excluding the rough titre and any anomalies