Carbonyl Compounds Flashcards
why are carbonyl compounds reactive
due to a region of high electron density + oxygen is extremely electronegative (polarity)
what reactions do carbonyls undergo
nucleophilic addition reactions
aldehyde vs ketone
aldehyde = carbonyl carbon is bonded to 1 (or 0) other carbon atoms.
ketone = carbonyl carbon is bonded to 2 other carbon atoms.
what is the first member of aldehyde
methanal
what is the first member of ketone
propanone
what is the oxidising agent of carbonyl compounds
acidified dichromate (potassium/sodium)
acidified dichromate:
H+/Cr₂O₇²-
write the oxidation of a primary alcohol
1° —-(acidified dichromate, distillation)—> aldehyde —-(acidified dichromate, reflux)—> carboxylic acid
write the oxidation of a secondary alcohol
2° —-(acidified dichromate, reflux)—> ketone
write the reducing agents
lithium tertahydrioaluminate
sodium tetrahydrioborate
write the reduction of a primary alcohol
1° <—-(reducing agents)— aldehyde <—-(reducing agent)— carboxylic acid
write the reduction of a secondary alcohol
2° <—-(reducing agents)— ketone
where in humans are carbonyl compounds found
sex hormones
what are carbonyl compounds used for industry
manufacture of:
- perfumes
- solvent
- pharmaceuticals
- plastics + dyes
what suffix is used at the end of the name when it is an aldehyde?
anal
