4.5 Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
what is the carboxylic acid functional group
-COOH
compare acidity of
-carboxylic acid
-phenol
-water
-ethanol
(most)
carboxylic acid
phenol
water
ethanol
(least)
what is the test for -COOH
NaHCO₃
why are carboxylic acids and phenols weak acids
don’t fully dissociate in water
how can carboxylic acids be made from 1° alcohol
further oxidation of 1° alcohol
1° –> aldehyde –> ketone
oxidising agent = acidified potassium dichromate
how can carboxylic acids be made from alkylbenzene
alkylbenzene + [O]
(oxidising agent = alkaline potassium manganate)
what occurs when carboxylic acids are reduced
aldehydes/primary alcohol
what agent is needed to reduce carboxylic acid
lithium tetrahydridoaluminate
what is decarboxylation of carboxylic acids
removal of acidic carbon dioxide from a compound
what is used to decarboxylate carboxylic acids
soda lime
(NaOH, Ca(OH)₂ or CaO)
what is the suffex of an ester
-ate
how can esterification be reversed (+conditions)
alcohol+carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
NaOH(+heat) = alc+salt
H₂SO₄ = alc+acid
what is an acid chloride
a carboxylic acid where the OH group has been substituted by a Cl
how can esterification be reversed (+conditions)
alcohol+acid chloride
Hydrolysis
SOCl₂
how to make amide
carboxylic acid + ammonia
(heat)
how to make a nitrile
- dehydration of amide phosphorus oxide(P₄O₁₀) + heat
- halogenoalkane + KCN
dissolved in ethanol(nucsub)
P₄O₁₀
elimination of amide
how to make carboxylic acid from nitrile
hydrolysis
dilute H₂SO₄ (reflux)
how to make carboxylic acid from amide
hydrolysis
NaOH
what occurs when a nitrile is reduced
primary amine
how to make an primary amine from nitrile
reduction
lithium tetrahydride, dry ether
what type of reaction is esterification
condensation
