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WJEC Chemistry A-Level > 4.5 Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

4.5 Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

what is the carboxylic acid functional group

A

-COOH

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2
Q

compare acidity of
-carboxylic acid
-phenol
-water
-ethanol

A

(most)
carboxylic acid
phenol
water
ethanol
(least)

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3
Q

what is the test for -COOH

A

NaHCO₃

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4
Q

why are carboxylic acids and phenols weak acids

A

don’t fully dissociate in water

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5
Q

how can carboxylic acids be made from 1° alcohol

A

further oxidation of 1° alcohol
1° –> aldehyde –> ketone

oxidising agent = acidified potassium dichromate

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6
Q

how can carboxylic acids be made from alkylbenzene

A

alkylbenzene + [O]
(oxidising agent = alkaline potassium manganate)

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7
Q

what occurs when carboxylic acids are reduced

A

aldehydes/primary alcohol

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8
Q

what oxidising agent is needed to reduce carboxylic acid

A

lithium tetrahydridoaluminate

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9
Q

what is decarboxylation of carboxylic acids

A

removal of acidic carbon dioxide from a compound

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10
Q

what is used to decarboxylate carboxylic acids

A

soda lime

(NaOH, Ca(OH)₂ or CaO)

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11
Q

what is the suffex of an ester

A

-ate

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12
Q

how can esterification be reversed (+conditions)
alcohol+carboxylic acid

A

hydrolysis

NaOH(+heat) = alc+salt
H₂SO₄ = alc+acid

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13
Q

what is an acid chloride

A

a carboxylic acid where the OH group has been substituted by a Cl

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14
Q

how can esterification be reversed (+conditions)
alcohol+acid chloride

A

Hydrolysis
SOCl₂

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15
Q

how to make amide

A

carboxylic acid + ammonia
(heat)

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16
Q

how to make a nitrile

A
  1. dehydration of amide phosphorus oxide(P₄O₁₀) + heat
  2. halogenoalkane + KCN
    dissolved in ethanol(nucsub)
17
Q

how to make carboxylic acid from nitrile

A

hydrolysis
dilute H₂SO₄ (reflux)

18
Q

how to make carboxylic acid from amide

A

hydrolysis
NaOH

19
Q

what occurs when a nitrile is reduced

A

primary amine

20
Q

how to make an primary amine from nitrile

A

reduction
lithium tetrahydride, dry ether

21
Q

what type of reaction is esterification

A

condensation

WJEC Chemistry A-Level (24 decks)

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