Carbohydrates META Flashcards
The enzyme in the mouth is called
Alpha Amylase or ptyalin
Alpha amylase requires ____ ion for activation under ___pH
Chlorine
6.7
Amylopsine is found where
Duodenum
All carbohydrates absorbed by the body are _____
Monosaccharide
SGlut 1 and SGlut 2 are located at ___&___
Intestines
Kidney
Glut4 are mainly located at
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Glucose and galactose are absorbed by_____ transporter
SGlut
Phase 2 of glycolysis is called____
Preparatory stage
Where glucose is converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Glucose is freely permeable at_____
Liver cells
Glucose is actively transported at _____
Intestinal mucosa and kidney
Insulin aids absorption at ______
Cardiac, skeletal, diaphragm and adipose tissues
Bromohydrozyacetone inhibits _____ part of glycolysis and why?
Stage 5
It resembles dihydroxy acetone phosphate so it binds with phosphotriose isomerase
How much energy is used up at phase one of glycolysis
2
Gluconeogenesis occur in ___ and ____
Majorly___
Liver and kidney
Liver 90%
During starvation does the kidney become a major site of gluconeogenesis?
Yes
Pyruvate carboxylase is found in the mitochondria of ___ & _____ by not ______
Kidney & liver
Muscle
What inhibits gluconeogenesis (at fructose 1’6 bisphosphate)?
And what fovours it?
High level AMP
High level ATP and Low AMP
During gluconeogenesis how many ATP is required to form 1 glucose
6 ATP
In Sucrose, the glucose is taken up ny____ anD fructose by ____
SGLUT1
GLUT1
Liver uses_____ And Muscle _____ transporter?
GLUT 2
GLUT 4
_____ hydrolyzes limit dextrin into ___&_____
Isomaltase(1-6 glycocydic bond)
Maltose and glucose
Drugs such as ___& ____ inhubits Na pump and also inhibit active transport of sugar
____ inhibits metabolic energy and also inhibits active transport of sugar?
Strophanthin
Dinitrophenol
____ glycoside inhibits glucose transport by displacing Na from its binding site?
Phloridin
Deficiency in what vitamin diminishes glucose absorption
Vitamin B, thiamine(B1) , pyrodoxine(B6) , pantothenic acid(B5)
What’s Rapport Leubering cycle
In the erythrocytes, step 7 (conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3-PG) of glycolysis is bypassed.
Bisphosphoglycerate mutase converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) to 2,3-BPG. Then BPGphosphatase removes the phosphate group to form 3-phosphoglycerate
Why can’t ketogenic compounds like acetyl coA give rise to synthesis of glucose?
Irreversible nature of pyruvate hydrogenase
Fructose intolerance can be due to?
Fructose can still be phosphorylated by fructose kinase bt energy will be lacking Becuz ph is need to form ATP from ADP
Aldolase B– liver failure
____ causes fructosemia?
Lack of fructose kinase
Fructose induced hypoglycemia is caused by?
Fructose 1-6 bisphosphate
Absent if ____ is the most common cause of galactosemia
Uridyl tranferase
Glycogenesis involves ___ phases
Synthetic phase and catabolic phase
A debranching enzyme called
Oligo α-(1,4)-glucantransferase which contains two
activities, glucantransferase and glucosidase, removes the terminal 3 glucose residues of one
branch and attaches them to a free C4 end of a second branch
