Amino Acids/Enzymes/Nucleic Acid Flashcards
Amino acids link together by_____groups to form_____bond
Amino group
Peptide bond
GSH Glutathione is a ___peptide
Tri
Vasopresin contains _____amino acid
9
Insulin has _____ seperate polypeptide chain
A having ______ amino acid and B having _____
They are held together by_____
The A chain haa an additional disulfide bridge that holds ___ amino acid in a chain?
2 seperate
21 amino
30 amino
Disulfide bridge
6 amino acid
Peptide bond formation is a type of ______ reaction
Dehydration
Conjugate proteins that require organic cofactor is called___&&
Coenzyme
Conjugate proteins that require inorganic cofactor is called___
Activator
Digestive enzymes are known as?
Zygogens /inactive enzymes
How does enzymes catalyze a reaction that’s different from non enzyme catalyst
It’s replaces the large activation barrier with multiple lower activation barrier
Optimum temp for enzymes in the body is
37
Among the 6 classes of enzymes which catalyzes one substrate rxn?
Hydrolase, Isomerase, Lyases
The kinetic eqn describing the kinetic properties of one substrate rxn is called?
Michael menten eqn
Allopurinol serves as enzyme inhibitor against _______ which is used to treat?
Xanthine oxidase
Arthritis
______ is structurally similar to vitamin K and acts as an anticoagulant by competitively inhibiting vitamin K
Dicoumarol
Example of non competitive enzymes inhitors are?
Cyanide, fluoride iodoacemate
The key enzymes of heme synthesis ALA Synthase is auto regulated by the ______ by _____ method
Heme
Repression
Glucokinase is regulated by insulin through ______ method
Induction
Zymogen enzymes activation by partial proteolysis is an example of ______ regulation of enzymes
Covalent modification
What’s the meaning of ALP
ALP are found in?
An increase in ALP is might indicate what diseases
What’s the function of the enzyme
Alkaline phosphate
bone, liver, kidney, intestinal wall, lactating mammary gland and placenta
rickets and osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, paget’s disease of bone, obstructive jaundice, and metastatic carcinoma And obstructive liver Disease
It an enzyme which hydrolyze phosphate esters at an alkaline pH.
What’s the meaning of ACP
ACP are found in?
An increase in ACP is might indicate what diseases
What’s the function of the enzyme
Acid phosphate
prostate, liver, red cells, platelets and bone.
Metastatic bone disease and prostate cancer
Acid phosphatases catalyzing the hydrolysis of various phosphate esters at acidic pH
What’s the meaning of AST
AST are found in?
An increase in AST is might indicate what diseases
What’s the function of the enzyme
Aspertate amino Transferetase or GOT glutamate oxaloacetate tranfereretase
heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and erythrocytes,
Hepatic disease: Parenchimal liver disease
IT catalyzes the transfer of the amino group of aspartic acid to α- ketoglutarate forming glutamate and oxaloacetate
What’s the meaning of ALT
ALT are found in?
An increase in ALT is might indicate what diseases
What’s the function of the enzyme
Alanine amino Transferetase or GPT glutamate pyruvate Transferetase
in liver and to a lesser extent in skeletal muscle, kidney and heart
parenchymal disease and myocardial damage respectively or In liver damage
GPT Transfer the amino group of alanine to α- ketoglutarate, forming glutamate and pyruvate.
What’s the meaning of LDH
LDH are found in?
An increase in LDH is might indicate what diseases
What’s the function of the enzyme
Lactate hydrogenaese
in the heart, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, brain and erythrocytes.
myocardial infarction, acute leukemias, generalized carcinomatosis and in acute hepatitis
catalyzes the reversible interconversion of lactate and pyruvate.
What’s the meaning of CK
CK are found in?
An increase in CK is might indicate what diseases
Creatine kinase
CK (CPK) is found in heart muscle brain and skeletal muscle. Measurement of serum creatine phosphokinase activity is of value in the diagnosis of disorders affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle
