Carbohydrates Flashcards
Epimers
compounds with different configurations around one C
Enantiomers
Mirror images
Pyranose
ring with 5C and 1O
Furanose
ring with 4C and 1O
Lactose
Glucose + galactose
B(1-4)
Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose
a(1-2)
Maltose
Glucose + Glucose
a(1-4)
Glycogen
highly branched polymer of glucose
a 1-4 and a 1-6
E storage in animals (liver and muscle)
Amylose
form of starch; polymer of plant glucose
unbranched; a 1-4
Amylopectin
form of starch, polymer of plant glucose
branched; a 1-4 and a 1-6
Cellulose
unbranched glucose polymer in plants
B 1-4
humans cant digest
Digestion of Carbs in Mouth
Salivary a-amylase
hydrolysis of a 1-4
breaks down large insolubles to smaller solubles- branched and unbranched oligosaccs (dextrins)
pH optimum- 7
Digestion of Carbs in Intestinal Lumen
Pancreatic a-amylase
hydrolysis of a 1-4
breaks down into even smaller solubles- dextrins and disaccs
optimum pH- 7
Sucrase/ Isomaltase
SI
digest carbs in mucosal cells
1 protein- 2 subunits
cleaves a 1-2 in sucrose and a 1-6 in isomaltose
Maltase Glucoamylase
MGA
digest carbs in mucosal cells
1 protein
cleaves a 1-4 in maltose/maltotriose and a 1-4 in dextrins
