Carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrates:

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are a class of molecules ranging from the small sugar molecule to large polysaccharides.

Question 2

What are polysaccharides also known as?

Answer 2

Starch molecules.

Question 3

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides

Question 4

Monosaccharide:

Answer 4

Monosaccharides are single unit simple sugars.

Building blocks of carbohydrates.

Question 5

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 5

C H O

Question 6

Are carbohydrates polar or non-polar?

Answer 6

Polar

Question 7

Carbohydrates are used for energy storage in _________ and __________. They also play a role in __________ structure.

Answer 7

Plants and animals.

Plant structure.

Question 8

True of false:

Carbohydrates provide quick energy.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Isomer:

Answer 9

Two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.

Question 10

What are examples of isomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

GlucOSE
FructOSE
GalactOSE
-ose ending indicates a carbohydrate of some sort

Question 11

What are the functional groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Hydroxyl and Carbonyl

Question 12

Disaccharide:

Answer 12

Disaccharides are two monosaccharides formed through dehydration synthesis.

Question 13

What is the chemical equation of adding two carbohydrates?

Answer 13

C6H12O6+C6H12O6=C12H22O11

remember to subtract the water molecule

Question 14

Examples of carbohydrate disaccharides:

Answer 14

Sucrose (table sugar)-
glucose+fructose

Lacatose (milk sugar)-
glucose+galactose

Maltose (malt flavoring)-
glucose+glucose

Question 15

Polysaccharide:

Answer 15

Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reactions.

Question 16

Polysaccharides of carbohydrates:

Answer 16

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin

Question 17

Starch (dietary fiber):

Answer 17

A long chain of glucose monomers.

Question 18

Function of starches:

Answer 18

Starches are used as storage for plants and humans use it for energy after it has been hydrolyzed by enzymes in our body.

Question 19

Examples of starches:

Answer 19

Potatoes
Wheat
Corn
Rice

Question 20

Glycogen:

Answer 20

Glycogen is the excess sugar that is stored in another form of glucose called glycogen.

Glycogen is the human form of STARCH.

Question 21

Where is glycogen found?

Answer 21

Liver and the muscle cells.

Question 22

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 22

Humans are able to use glycogen after it has been hydrolyzed.

Question 23

Function of cellulose (fiber):

Answer 23

Cellulose makes up the cell walls in plants.

Question 24

True or False:

Cellulose is the most abundant molecule on Earth.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What do humans use cellulose for?

Answer 25

Our bodies cannot break down fiber because we do not have the proper enzymes to do so. We eat fiber to remain regular and to keep food moving through our bodies.

Question 26

What animals can breakdown fiber?

Answer 26

Cows, termites, and some forms of bacteria.

Question 27

Function of Chitin:

Answer 27

Chitin is responsible for building the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. Chitin also makes up the cell walls in some types of fungi. Humans use chitin to create strong and flexible surgical thread that decomposes after the wound heals.

Question 28

All carbohydrates are _____.

Answer 28

Hydrophilic (water loving)