Carbohydrates Flashcards
What three elements do they contain
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What is a Monosaccharide
These are the simplest carbohydrates and are the building blocks from which all other carbohydrates are made.
Give an example for Monosaccharides
Glucose and Fructose
What is glucose
The main carb that is used in respiration to release energy
What is fructose
A simple sugar found naturally in fruit.
Simple sugars are all soluble and taste sweet
Simple sugars are all soluble and taste sweet
What are Disaccharides
Double sugars that are made from 2 simple sugars, joined together by a bond
Give 3 examples of Disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What is Maltose
Malt sugar which is made from 2 glucose molecules and is used in beer making
What is Sucrose
Table sugar. Made from glucose and fructose and is found in sugar cane and beetroot. Plants transport sucrose in their phloem tissue.
What is Lactose
Milk sugar that is made from glucose and a simple sugar called Galactose
All double sugars are soluble and taste sweet
All double sugars are soluble and taste sweet
What are Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates. They are very large molecules, made of many thousands of simple sugar molecules, joined together in a long chain forming a chain.
What are 3 examples of Polysaccharides
Starch, which is stored in plant cells
Glycogen, which is stored in animal cells
Cellulose, which is found in plant cell wall.
(Humans lack the correct cellulose needed to breakdown cellulose, so it forms the indigestible fibre of our diet)
What are all three of these Polysaccharides made from
Glucose molecules
