capitalism and property

Question 1

capitalism and property rights are strongly support by cons rooted in the principles of

Answer 1

pragmatism , respect for tradition and the concept of an organic society

Question 2

cons advocated for capitalism primarily because they see it as the most practical and efficient economic system it aligns with their

Answer 2

pragmatic approach as it has historically generated wealth and improved living standards

Question 3

cons are also very wary of idealistic visions of changing the economy and society using state intervention , Oakeshott in particular saw the danger of this in

Answer 3

the 20th century , strongly criticising idealism and the death it created both the far left and the far right

Question 4

furthermore cons support for hierarchy means that cons are generally very comfortable with the

Answer 4

inequality capitalism produces

Question 5

conservatism values tradition in an organic society , capitalism is seen as integral part of the economic tradition in many societies , not just as a set of economic mechanisms but

Answer 5

as part of the cultural and historical fabric that has evolved organically over time

Question 6

cons argue that disrupting this system would not only be impractical but also

Answer 6

disrespectful tot he legacy and wisdom, of past generations

Question 7

the idea of the free market in which individuals naturally trade with teacher other is consistent with an

Answer 7

organic society rather than a designed society

Question 8

this support for property rights is equally paramount in conservative though , property is seen a cornerstone of a stable society , ownership encourages

Answer 8

responsibility and discourages support for socilaist ideology that upturn the social order

Question 9

the right to property is also intertwined with the cons emphasis on an organic society where the individual ownership forms part of the

Answer 9

societal fabric , contributing to the overall health and stability of the community

Question 10

traditional cons were strong supporters off capitalism and property which were seen as

Answer 10

being the most pragmatic and tested economic system based on the accumulated wisdom of tradition and experience

Question 11

both capitalism and property were also seen as important to maintaining hierarchy and social order for traditional cons although

Answer 11

they were comfortable with the inequalities it created

Question 12

traditional cons didnt support paternalistic economic policies to the same extent as one nation cons , but also weren’t libertarians who were

Answer 12

ideologically opposed to state intervention in the economy like the new right

Question 13

Burke a key traditional con was wary of the potential and unregulated economic liberalism and the unvetted pursuit of individual wealth if it

Answer 13

led to social injustice or undermined communal bonds

Question 14

traditional cons were also worried about the possibility of completely free markets undermining order and stability in society which led them to

Answer 14

supporting some state intervention were necessary
- this included protectionism to protect national industries from foreign competition

Question 15

it is important to recognise however that traditional cons was first articulated prior to full scale development industralsiaiton and thus the

Answer 15

economic inequalities and social issues that came with it

Question 16

it seems reasonable to suggest that traditional cons beliefs in changing to conserve and pragmatism may had led to them supporting similar polices to

Answer 16

one nation cons given this changed context

Question 17

one nation cons strongly support capitalism due to the

Answer 17

pragmatic approach and respect for tradition it shares with traditional cons

Question 18

due to one nation cons greater emphasis on paternalism and the need to change to conserve in the context of industrialisation , they supported more

Answer 18

state intervention to ensure the welfare of all members of society

Question 19

one nations cons recognised that in the face of societal changes and increasing inequality brought about by industrialisation that some degree of

Answer 19

state intervention and reform was necessary to prevent social unrest and maintain national cohesion

Question 20

with support for socialism growing this change was necessary for one nations cons to conserve the hierarchal ,

Answer 20

stable nature of society and prevent a socialist revolution that would threaten it

Question 21

one nation cons were also influenced by their paternalism which led to the belief that the state should take proactive steps to improve the

Answer 21

welfare of the less privileged members of society , through policies designed to alleviate poverty and provide social welfare

Question 22

in the 19th century one nation con Disraeli gov enacted a number of social refroms aimed at improving

Answer 22

living conditions for the working class int he context of social and economic disparities that industrialisation created

Question 23

one nation con Disraeli introduced the public health act of 1875 and the artisans and labourers dwellings improvement act of 1875 improved

Answer 23

public health and sanitary conditions in towns and cities

Question 24

one nation con Disraeli introduced the factory act of 1874 reducing the working day for women and children and implemented

Answer 24

stricter safety regulations in factories

Question 25

one nation con Disraeli introduced income tax as a permenant tax for the first time in order to give the gov a steady source of reveneue , this taxation wasn’t progressive

Answer 25

and it is important not to over exaggerate the extent of one nation cons support for gov intervention in this period

Question 26

one nation cons did not support intervention to the same degree as

Answer 26

modern liberals let alone socialists

Question 27

one nation cons post ww2 including PM Churchill and Mac-Millian , both took a similarly pragmatic approach to the changing political and economic context accepting

Answer 27

a significant degree of state intervention in the economy

Question 28

one nation cons in the 20th century accepted the introduction of a comprehensive welfare state by labour government recognising that

Answer 28

it played an important role in ensuring social stability and preventing the deprivation seen prior to the war , reflecting pragmatism

Question 29

furthermore one nations cons accepted progressive taxation and the mixed economy in which

Answer 29

some key industries were nationalised

Question 30

one nation cons , reflecting the key conservative support for property supported a major effort to build social housing with Mac-Millian building

Answer 30

300,000 new homes per year when he was PM

Question 31

it is important to recognise that one nation consdidnt wholeheartedly support all of these measures in this period , in fact many originally opposed

Answer 31

nationalisation and neither Churchill nor Mac-Millian extended it when they were PM

Question 32

however the fact C/M as one nation cons PM did not reserve them reflects not only a changing societal context but also their

Answer 32

pragmatic approach that recognises the importance of changing to conserve

Question 33

furthermore reversing these polices would’ve been extremely unpopular for the one nation cons and thus kept them out of

Answer 33

power and threatened scale stability hierarchy and tradition

Question 34

the new rights rise to prominence came in part due to strong opposition to one nation conservatisms acceptance of labours post war reforms , in particular

Answer 34

the extensive welfare state and nationalisation.

Question 35

the new right saw themselves as the rue conservatives through their return to a neoliberal economic approach and advocacy for

Answer 35

rolling back there state in the economy and welfare

Question 36

the new right was driven by libertarianism which centred on the promotion of liberty , autonomy and free choice particularly in

Answer 36

economic affairs

Question 37

this resulted in the new right advocating for very minimal

Answer 37

state interference in the economy and laissez fair capitalism

Question 38

the new right believed in limited taxation , low public spending and little regulation so that individuals and businesses were

Answer 38

left free to act how they wished

Question 39

the new right believed that the states role should be limited to the narrow functions of protecting individuals from force theft and fraud and enforcing contracts rather than

Answer 39

redisrubiting wealth or managing the economy

Question 40

new right con Nozick wrote

Answer 40

” the minimal state is the most extensive state that can be justified. Any state more extensive violates peoples rights “

Question 41

new right believe hat the laissez faire capitalism was not one the most efficient economic system but the most

Answer 41

moral economic system as it didnt interfere with individuals free choice

Question 42

new right Nozicks justification for libertarianism , building upon Kants principles that individuals should never be

Answer 42

treated merely as means to an end but always as ends in themselves

Question 43

in ‘ anarchy , state and utopia ‘ new right Nozick argued that respecting individual rights is the core obligation of society and any action

Answer 43

that coerces individuals to serve collective purposes violates this principle

Question 44

new right nozick wrote

Answer 44

” individuals have rights , and there are things no person or group may do to them “ and “ taxation of earnings from labor is on a par with forced labour “

Question 45

the new right strongly supported property rights believing property ownership to be a

Answer 45

fundamental right and important to promoting self reliance and economic initiative

Question 46

the new right argued that when individuals have property rights they are more inclined to

Answer 46

take care of their property and make productive use of it , leading to overall economic growth ands stability

Question 47

importantly the new right also belied they were also more likely to be autonomous and to resist

Answer 47

the expansion of the state , which threatened freedom

Question 48

new right ayn rand was strongly opposed to the welfare state as seen in ‘ the virtue of selfishness ‘ she stated

Answer 48

” the difference between a welfare state and a totalitarian state is a matter of time “

Question 49

the new right was popularised by thatcher , key aspects of her tenure

Answer 49

big bang reforms in Londons financial district in 1986
significant tax reforms , reducing top rates of income tax
rate of tax income 83% to 60% in 1979 budget
further 40% in 1988
right to buy scheme