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Erin's Gross Lectures > Canine Thorax > Flashcards

Canine Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ventral body cavities? What are they divided by?

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Divided by the diaphragm

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2
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of body cavities?

A
  • they are bound by muscle and bone
  • are lined by serous membranes
  • contain viscera
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3
Q

What are the skeletal boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

A 
Dorsally: thoracic vertebrae
Laterally: ribs and costal cartilages
Ventrally: sternebrae and costal cartilages
Cranially: thoracic inlet
Caudally: diaphragm
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4
Q

What are the muscles of the thoracic wall primarily utilized for?

A

respiration

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5
Q

What are the muscles of the thoracic wall?

A

Serratus dorsalis cranialis and caudalis, external and internal intercostals, retractor costae, scalenus, rectus abdominis, transversus thoracis (intrathoracic)

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6
Q

What are the parts of the diaphragm?

A
  • Muscular (R/L costal parts, sternal part, lumbar part with R/L crura)
  • Tendinous (central tendon, R/L crural tendons
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7
Q

What are the attachments/coverings of the diaphragm?

A
  • Pleural covering
  • Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
  • Mediastinal attachment
  • Plica venae cavae
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8
Q

What are the openings in the diaphragm?

A
  • Lumbocostal arch
  • Aortic hiatus
  • Esophageal hiatus
  • Caval foramen
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9
Q

How does the diaphragm attach to the bodies of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae?

A

tendinous crural attachments

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10
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

A

it flattens -> moves the caudal boundary of the thoracic cavity caudally.

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11
Q

What is the tunica serosa?

A

serous membrane that lines and encloses body cavities, known as serous cavities.

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12
Q

What is the tunica serosa composed of?

A

a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and an underlying connective tissue layer (eg: endothoracic fascia)

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13
Q

What does the tunica serosa do?

A

secretes serous fluid to reduce friction as organs are moved against one another and the cavity walls

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14
Q

How are tunica serosa named?

A

according to their location (parietal or visceral) and the cavity that they define (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

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15
Q

What lines the walls of a cavity?

A

parietal serous membranes

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16
Q

What covers the surface of an organ?

A

visceral serous membranes

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17
Q

What layers of a serous membrane are continuous?

A

parietal and visceral layers

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18
Q

What are the three serous cavities within the thoracic cavity?

A
  • left pleural cavity
  • right pleural cavity
  • pericardial cavity
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19
Q

Where does the pericardial cavity develop? what is this?

A

mediastinum - the space between two pleural cavities;continuous with the cervical visceral space

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20
Q

What are some specific regions of the parietal pleura of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • costal pleura
  • sternal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • mediastinal pleura
  • diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
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21
Q

What is a specific visceral pleura of the thoracic cavity?

A

pulmonary pleura

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22
Q

What is located between the left and right pleural cavities?

A

the pericardial cavity which develops within the mediastinal space

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23
Q

Where/how to recesses (pockets) occurr in a pleura?

A

where the pleura reflects from one cavity wall to another

24
Q

What are the pleural recesses in the thoracic cavity?

A
  • pleural cupula (protrudes from thoracic inlet)
  • costodiaphragmatic
  • Costomediastinal
  • Mediastinal recess (contains accessory lobe of right lung)
25
Q

What does the mediastinum extend between?

A

the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm

26
Q

What are the subdivisions of the mediastinum?

A

cranial mediastinum, middle mediastinum, caudal mediastinum

27
Q

What is the mediastinal space continued cranially through the thoracic inlet by?

A

the visceral space of the neck (cervical visceral space)

28
Q

What muscles bind the cervical visceral space?

A
  • sternocephalicus
  • sternothyrohyoideus
  • longus capitis
  • longus coli
29
Q

What does the cervical visceral space include/contain?

A
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • thyroid and parathyroid glands
  • recurrent laryngeal nerves
  • tracheal lymph nodes
  • carotid sheath
30
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A
  • common carotid artery
  • vagosympathetic trunks
  • internal jugular veins
31
Q

What is contained within the mediastinum?

A

Thymus, trachea, esophagus, phrenic nerves (R/L), vagus nerves (R/L), vagal trunks (R/L), paravertebral (sympathetic) chain of ganglia (R/L), heart (in pericardium), aorta, pulmonary trunk. right azygos vein (right only in dog and horse, R/L in ox), thoracic duct, tracheobronchial lymph nodes

32
Q

True or false? the lungs are contained within the mediastinum?

A

false

33
Q

What are the two portions of the respiratory system?

A

the exchange portion and conducting portion

34
Q

what does the conducting portion of the respiratory system contain?

A

trachea, bronchial tree

35
Q

What are the parts of the bronchial tree?

A
  • R/L principle bronchi
  • carina
  • lobar bronchi
  • segmental bronchi
  • branches of segmental bronchi
  • bronchioles
36
Q

Where does the exchange portion of the respiratory system begin?

A

at the respiratory bronchioles

37
Q

What are the parts of the exchange portion?

A
  • respiratory bronchioles (w/ alveoli)
  • alveolar ductules
  • alveolar saccules
38
Q

What is the trachea comprised of?

A

incomplete cartilaginous rings that are connected by tracheal (annular) ligaments

39
Q

True or false? the veins accompanying the bronchial tree are located dorsal to the arteries

A

false - they are located ventral to the arteries

40
Q

What is the functional blood supply to the lungs?

A

pulmonary arteries and veins

41
Q

What is the nutritive blood supply to the lungs?

A

bronchoesophageal artery and azygous vein

42
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung?

A

cranial lobe (divided into cranial and caudal parts) and the caudal lobe

43
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A

Cranial lobe, middle lobe, caudal lobe, accessory lobe

44
Q

What is located between the basal border of the lung and the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection?

A

the costodiaphragmatic recess

45
Q

Which lung has the cardiac notch?

A

right lung

46
Q

What are the lymph nodes of the lungs?

A
  • R/L tracheobronchial ln
  • middle tracheobronchial ln
  • pulmonary ln
47
Q

What are the two major distinguishable branches before the descending aorta?

A

brachiocephalic trunk and Left subclavian artery

48
Q

What are the branches of the left and right subclavian arteries?

A
  • costocervical trunk
  • vertebral a.
  • superficial a.
  • internal thoracic a.
49
Q

What does the costocervical trunk supply?

A

cranial intercostal spaces and muscles of the neck

50
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply and extend through?

A

extends through transverse vertebral foramina; supplies the brain

51
Q

What does the superficial cervical artery supply?

A

the superficial structures of the neck

52
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery supply?

A
  • ventral intercostal aa. (intercostal spaces)
  • Musculophrenic (diaphragm)
  • cranial epigastric a. (continues as?
53
Q

What are the veins of the thorax?

A
  • right azygous vein
  • caudal/cranial vena cava
  • other veins distribute with their arterial counterparts
54
Q

What are the pulmonary ligaments?

A

double layers of serous membrane that extend from the mediastinal (parietal) pleura to the visceral pleura

55
Q

What is the plica vena cava?

A

a fold of serous membrane (from mediastinal pleura) that envelops the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

Erin's Gross Lectures (12 decks)

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