Anatomy Lecture 4: Thoracic Horse

Question 1

What is the latin word for the knee of the horse

Answer 1

Carpus

Question 2

what is the proper word for the cannon bone?

Answer 2

Metacarpal 3

Question 3

Long pastern/fetlock bone is also known as the

Answer 3

proximal phalanx (P1)

Question 4

short pastern bone/pastern bone is also known as the

Answer 4

middle phalanx (P2)

Question 5

coffine bone, aka

Answer 5

distal phalanx (P3)

Question 6

Which large muscle is best for intramuscular injections?

Answer 6

the pectoral muscles

Question 7

Name the tendons involved in the stay apparatus

Answer 7

• superficial digital flexor tendon
• deep digital flexor tendon
• suspensory apparatus
• superior/proximal check ligament
• inferior/distal check ligament

Question 8

Suspensory apparatus (aka suspensory ligament) is part of which muscle?

Answer 8

interosseus muscle

Question 9

what are the muscles involved in the stay apparatus?

Answer 9

• serratus ventralis thoracis muscle
• biceps brachii muscle
• lacertus fibrosus muscle
• exentsor carpi radialis muscle
• common digital extensor muscle
• triceps brachii muscle

Question 10

What is the cause Tendinitis/bowed tendon of the SDFT?

Answer 10

• Tendinitis is inflammation of the tendon, caused by overextension of the fetlock, which can lead to tearing
• overexentsion can be caused by poor confirmation in a breed, poor trimming/shoeing, working a fatigued horse, poor footing, or direct trauma to the tendon

Question 11

What happens to tendon fibers when “over loading” occurs? When “complete failure” occurs?

Answer 11

• some fibers break during over loading

- complete failure is the tearing of the entire tendon

Question 12

What surgical procedure is done to fix tendinitis at the SDFT? What does the surgery do?

Answer 12

• superior check ligament desmotomy

- removes stress from SDFT, distributing to muscular portion of SDF

Question 13

Flexor tendon rupture is the complete tearing of which tendons? what is tendon rupture 1, 2, and 3?

Answer 13

-superficial digital flexor
-deep digital flexor
-suspensory ligament
1=SDF, 2= SDF+DDF, 3=SDF+DDF+SL

Question 14

What joint is best for injecting drugs? What muscle is closest?

Answer 14

• carpal joint

- the joint is caudal to the lateral digital extensor muscle

Question 15

Club foot is the uncontrolled [action] of the _____ bone

Answer 15

flexion of the coffin bone

Question 16

what surgical process treats club foot?

Answer 16

inferior check ligament desmotomy

Question 17

What are the split bones?

Answer 17

-carpal bones 2 and 4

Question 18

The button of ____ bone is found just cranial to the ______

Answer 18

splint bones, cranial to the suspensory ligament

Question 19

Tendinitis of the fetlock is treated by which surgery

What occurs in the surgery?

Answer 19

annular ligament desmotomy

-removes compression on the annular ligament, improving circulation

Question 20

windpuff/windgall is another name for what?

Answer 20

Tendinitis of the Annular ligament, constrction/inflammation of the ligament

Question 21

the proximal sesamoid bones are found

Answer 21

between the proximal phalanx and metacarpal

Question 22

Navicular bone is also know as the _____ and lies _____ to the _____ bone

Answer 22

distal sesamoid bone, lies palmar to the coffin bone

Question 23

Coronet band is found where

Answer 23

where the hoof bone meets the leg

Question 24

which parts of the hoof are weight bearing structures?

Answer 24

the hoof wall and the frog

Question 25

Where are horse shoe nails embedded

Answer 25

into the white line

Question 26

-explain the hoof mechanism, or how does the hoof support the horse’s weight? What else does it do?

Answer 26

• when weight is put on the hoof, the heel area expands (contracts again when weight is removed)
• the expanding and contracting of the hoof helps pump blood in the veins back up the leg

Question 27

How do hoof side bones arise?

Answer 27

• from frequent concussive force applied to the hoof, such as when walking on cement
• in response the cartilage in the hoof calcifies, become sidebone, which can stop the hoof from contracting properly

Question 28

• Quittor is____

- treated by

Answer 28

necrosis of the collateral cartilage

-treated by removal of necrotic tissue

Question 29

navicular disease is

Answer 29

the inflammation or degeneration of the navicular bone and its surrounding tissues

Question 30

local anesthetic should be applied where in the bovine forelimb?

Answer 30

dorsal common digital vein 3

Question 31

sole ulcers on cow hooves should be treated by applying a

Answer 31

block, over the claw