Canine Forelimb-Muscles Flashcards
Trapezius
Cranial extrinsic muscle
Function: raises scapula, helps in limb advancement
Nerve: accessory nerve
Omotransversarius
Cranial extrinsic muscle, atlas to acromion of scapula
Function: helps advance limb
Nerve: accessory nerve
Brachiocephalicus
Cranial extrinsic muscle, contains clavicle
Function: When limb is fixed it draws head ventrally; advances free limb
Nerve: accessory nerve
Lattissimus dorsi
Caudal extrinsic muscle, across thoracolumbar area, inserts on humerus
Function: hold scapula against chest, retracts free forelimb; when forelimb is fixed/weight-bearing helps draw body forward
Nerve: brachial plexus nerve branch (thoracodorsal nerve)
Rhomboideus
Dorsal extrinsic muscle, under the trapezius, attaches to dorsal medial scapula
Function: raising and retracting limb
Nerve: brachial plexus nerve branch
Superficial pectoral
Ventral extrinsic muscle, sternum to humerus
Function: adduct limb or hold it against the body
Nerve: brachial plexus nerve branches
Deep pectorals
Ventral extrinsic muscle, sternum to humerus
Function: acts to sling trunk between forelimbs, retracts free forelimb, advances trunk against planted forelimb
Nerve: brachial plexus nerve branches
Serratus Ventralis
Medial extrinsic muscle, cervical vertebrae to lower ribs
Function: supports weight of trunk, advance and retract limb (depends on which portion is activated and position limb is in)
Nerve: brachial nerve plexus nerve branch (long thoracic nerve)
Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus
Lateral intrinsic muscles, fill fossae in scapula
Function: support shoulder joint laterally
Nerve: suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis
Medial intrinsic muscle, medial scapula to humerus
Function: supports the shoulder joint medially, adducts limb
Nerve: subscapular nerve
Deltoideus
caudal intrinsic muscle, scapula to deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function: flexes shoulder joint
Nerve: axillary nerve
Teres major and minor
caudal intrinsic muscles, scapula to teres tuberosity on humerus
Function: flexes shoulder joint
Nerve: axillary nerve
Triceps brachii
Four heads (long, lateral, medial, accessory), run from scapula/humerus to ulna olecranon, cushioned by tricipital bursa
Function: extends elbow
Nerve: radial nerve
Tensor fasciae antebrachii
scapula to olecranon, lies over long head of triceps
Function: extends elbow
Nerve: radial nerve
Anconeus
distal humerus to olecranon, part of elbow joint capsule
Function: extends elbow
Nerve: radial nerve
Biceps brachii
scapula to proximal radius and ulna
Function: flexes elbow
Nerve: musculotaneous nerve
Brachialis
proximal humerus to proximal radius
Function: flexes elbow
Nerve: musculotaneous nerve
Extensor carpi radialis
starts at lateral epicondyle inserts on MC3, most medial of extensor group
Function: extends carpus
Nerve: radial nerve
Ulnaris lateralis
starts at lateral epicondyle, inserts on accessory carpal bone and MC5
Function: extends carpus
Nerve: radial nerve
Extensor carpi oblique
also called abductor pollicis longus, lateral epicondyle to medial aspect of MC2
Function: extends carpus
Nerve: radial nerve
Common digital extensor
Lateral epicondyle to each digit
Function: extends carpus
Nerve: radial nerve
Lateral digital extensor
Runs along edge of common digital extensor (shares common insertion on lateral-most digits)
Function: extends carpus
Nerve: radial nerve
Flexor carpi radialis
most medial muscle, medial epicondyle to MC2
Function: flexes carpus
Nerve: median or ulnar nerves
Flexor carpi ulnaris
more lateral muscle, medial epicondyle to accessory carpal bone
Function: flexes carpus
Nerve: median or ulnar nerves
Superficial digital flexor
caudomedial antebrachium, inserts around P1-P2 of each digit
Function: flexes carpus
Nerve: median or ulnar nerves
Deep digital flexor
each branch perforates superficial digital flexor as it passes distally to insert on palmar aspect of P3 of each digit
Function: flexes carpus
Nerve: median or ulnar nerves
