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Parasitology > Canine/Feline Protozoa > Flashcards

Canine/Feline Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Hosts

A 
Dogs, cats, humans
Different "assemblages" which  vary in infectivity for animals
Assemblage C/D: dogs
Assemblage F: cat
Assemblage A or B: human, dog, cat
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2
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Identification

A

Trophozoites: 21um long, teardrop, 2 nuclei, 8 flagella
Cysts: 12um long, ovoid, 4 nuclei

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3
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Life Cycle

A

Trophozoites adhere to microvilli of epithelial cells of SI→multiply by binary fission or budding→ trophozoite encyst→cysts pass in feces and are the infective form
Cysts may survive 2-4wks
PPP = 1-2wks

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4
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Site of Infection

A

Small intestine

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5
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Attach to microvilli of proximal small bowl to feed, occasionally cause duodenal ulcerations, malabsorption common

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6
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Clinical Signs

A

Often asymptomatic

Acute or chronic diarrhea

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7
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Diagnosis

A

Zinc sulfate to find cysts in feces, trophozoites in fresh diarrhea, double centrifugation, ELISA and IFA assays for antigens

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8
Q

Giardia intestinalis-Treatment and Identification

A

No treatments approved in USA for dogs/cats, prevention with sanitation and disinfection, filters with 10um aperture prevent transmission

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9
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Common Name

A

Chagas’ disease

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10
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Hosts

A

Dogs, cats, humans

300,000 infected, 300 prenatal infections/yr in USA

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11
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Identification

A

Trypomastigote: elongated, spindle/leaf shaped, 20um long with nucleus near middle, single flagellum

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12
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Life Cycle

A

Infected reduviid bug takes blood meal and releases trypomastigotes in its feces near site of bite wound→ trypomastigote enters host through wound→ invades cells and differentiates into amastigotes→ multiply by binary fission→devel. into trypomastigotes and released into bloodstream (cannot replicate)→ reduviid bug takes blood meal ingesting trypomastigotes→ transform into epimastigotes in midgut→ multiply and differentiate into trypomastigotes

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13
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Site of Infection

A

Cardiac and smooth muscle

Blood

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14
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Amastigotes cause pathology of cardiac muscle
Chagas’ disease in humans and dogs
Puppies and kittens most susceptible

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15
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Clinical Signs

A

Acute and chronic cardiac disease

Pale mucous membrane, lethargy, ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, tachyarrhymia, lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Diagnosis

A

Trypomastigote in blood smear

Xenodiagnosis or serological tests

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17
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi-Treatment and Prevention

A

None

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18
Q

Cystoisopora (Isopora) canis-Common Name

A

Coccidia

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19
Q

Cystoisopora (Isopora) canis-Hosts

A

FH: dogs
PH: rodents
Cats have their own species, Cystoisospora felis/rivolta

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20
Q

Cystoisopora (Isospora) canis-Identification

A

Largest species, 50 um
Sporolated oocysts are spherical, 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites, oval
Unsporolated oocysts are a single cell

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21
Q

Cystoisopora (Isospora) canis-Life Cycle

A

Sporulated oocysts are infective form

Sporulation, infection and schizogony (or merogony), and gemetogony and oocyst formation

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22
Q

Cystoisopora (Isospora) canis-Site of Infection

A

Small Intestine

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23
Q

Cystoisopora (Isospora) canis-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Small intestinal cells are destroyed leading to enteritis

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24
Q

Cystoisopora (Isospora) canis-Clinical Signs

A

Typically asymptomatic

Diarrhea may be severe, watery, profuse and bloody (young most susceptible)

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25
Q

Cystoisospora (Isospora) canis-Diagnosis

A

Fecal flotation

oocyst smaller than ascarid eggs (80-100um) and larger than Sarcocystis (18um)

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26
Q

Cystoisospora (Isospora) canis-Treatment and Prevention

A

Management is critical
Overcrowding and poor sanitation leads to heavy contaminated environ with oocysts
Antiprotozoal

27
Q

Toxoplasma gondii-Hosts

A

Cats

*Zoonosis

28
Q

Toxoplasma gondii-Identification

A

Oocysts small, 12um sporulated oocysts have 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites

29
Q

Toxoplasma gondii-Life Cycle

A 
Unsporulated oocysts shed in feces→sporulate in environ.→IH ingests sporulated oocyst→tachyzoites in muscle and neural tissues→ bradyzoites→cat ingests infected IH
Or by direct transmission of oocysts
HUMAN INFECTION
-Foodborne
-Animal to human
-Mother to child
30
Q

Toxoplasma gondii-Site of Infection

A

Intestinal and extraintestinal tissues (muscle, liver, lung, brain etc.)

31
Q

Toxoplasma gondii-Pathogenesis and Lesions/Clinical Signs

A

Typically asymptomatic.
Depends on the organs involved and extent of cells infected
Acute toxoplasmosis
Severe signs seen in cats with FIV. Pneumonia

32
Q

Toxoplasma gondii-Diagnosis

A

Oocysts in fecal exam

Serological tests, modified direct agglutination test, ELISA and IFA tests

33
Q

Toxoplasma gondii-Treatment and Prevention

A

Avoid contact with feces and eating uncooked meat
Pregnant woman should be especially careful.
Nonsulfonamides and sulfonamides

34
Q

Sarcocystis spp.-Hosts

A

FH: dogs, cats, humans
IH: cattle, herbivores, omnivores and birds
*Zoonosis

35
Q

Sarcocystis spp.-Identification

A

Sporulated oocysts with 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites, 18um

36
Q

Sarcocystis spp.-Life Cycle

A

Gametogony in FH and schizogony and sarcoocyst formation in the IH
Infection caused by ingestion of mature sarcocysts with bradyzoites in muscles of IH

37
Q

Sarcocystis spp.-Site of Infection

A

Muscles of IH

Sporocysts in GI tract of FH

38
Q

Sarcocystis spp.-Pathogenesis and Lesions/Clinical Signs

A

No illness in FH.
Schizogony in endothelium of herbivore may result in fatal illness.
Can cause abortion

39
Q

Sarcocystis spp.-Diagnosis

A

Sporocysts in FH

Bradyzoites in muscle tissue of IH

40
Q

Sarcocystis spp.-Treatment and Prevention

A

Avoid raw meat and prevent fecal contamination

41
Q

Hepatozoon spp.-Hosts

A

Dogs

42
Q

Hepatozoon spp.-Identification

A

Gamonts in blood cells of peripheral blood

43
Q

Hepatozoon spp.-Life Cycle

A

Dogs become infected by ingesting infected tick

44
Q

Hepatozoon spp.-Site of Infection

A

Schizonts in various tissues

Gamonts in white blood cells

45
Q

Hepatozoon spp.-Pathogenesis and Lesions/Clinical Signs

A

H. canis-subclinical infection

H. americanum-severe disease, neutrophilic leukocytosis, joint pain, myositis

46
Q

Hepatozoon spp.-Diagnosis

A

Gamonts in peripheral blood

Muscle tissue biopsy or necropsy

47
Q

Hepatozoon spp.-Treatment and Prevention

A

No satisfactory treatment

Tick control

48
Q

Babesia spp.-Condition

A

Canine babesiosis, canine piroplasmosis

49
Q

Babesia spp.-Hosts

A

Dogs

Occasionally humans

50
Q

Babesia spp.-Identification

A

Trophozoites in RBCs, round, ovoid, elongate, amoeboid, pyriform, club-shaped

51
Q

Babesia spp.-LIfe Cycle

A

Infected by inoculation by a tick

52
Q

Babesia spp.-Site of Infection

A

Erythrocytes

53
Q

Babesia spp.-Pathogenesis and Lesions/Clinical Signs

A

Erythrocyte destruction leads to depression, anorexia, anemia and splenomegaly

54
Q

Babesia spp.-Diagnosis

A

Trophozoites in peripheral blood smear using Giemsa stain

Serology, PCR

55
Q

Babesia spp.-Treatment and Prevention

A

Antiprotozoal but not approved in USA

Tick control

56
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Hosts

A

Cats

57
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Identification

A

Merozoites 1-2um in RBCs

58
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Life Cycle

A

Transmitted by A. americanum tick

59
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Site of Infection

A

Blood

60
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Rapid and fatal disease, die within 9-15 days after infection,
Developing schizonts cause enlargement of infected cells.
Occlusion of blood vessels to heart, liver and lungs

61
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Clinical Signs

A

Pyrexia, anemia, icterus, dehydration, death

62
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Diagnosis

A

Wright’s or Giemsa stained blood smears reveal merozoites, PCR

63
Q

Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp.-Treatment and Prevention

A

No satisfactory treatment

Tick control

Parasitology (16 decks)

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