Canine/Feline Cestodes Flashcards by Ashley Appleton

Dipylidium caninum-Common Name

Common tapeworm, cucumber tapeworm, double pored dog tapeworm, “creeping seeds”, flea tapeworm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Hosts

DH: dogs, cats
IH: Fleas (Ctenocephalides spp.) and louse (Trichodectes canis)
*Zoonosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Identification

Adults: max length 50cm
Proglottid is elongate, has 2 sets of repro. organs with bilateral genital pores. Single segments passed
Eggs: packets 230 x 170 um containing 10-20 eggs 35-40 um

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Life Cycle

Indirect. PPP = 21 days
Passed segments are active→egg packets expelled by active segment→IH ingests egg (oncosphere L1) (flea must be larval stage to ingest, louse in any life stage can ingest)→ oncospheres develop into cysticercoids in the abdominal cavity of IH→DH eats the IH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Site of Infection

Adults: in small intestine
Larval stage (cysticercoid) in flea/louse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Adults are largely non-pathogenic

Crawling segments may be uncomfortable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Clinical Signs

Excessive grooming of perineum, scooting anus on floor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Diagnosis

Presence of segments around perineum,

Adhesive tape or Scotch tape method: stick tape to perianal area, stick tape to slide and examine for eggs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dipylidium caninum-Treatment and Prevention

Cestocide, flea control important.

Treatment of environment with insecticides to eliminate fleas/lice

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Common Name

Hydatid tapeworm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Hosts

DH: Dogs
IH: herbivores and humans
*Zoonosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Identification

Adult: 6mm long with 3-4 segments, scolex with 4 suckers and 2 rows of hooks
Hydatid cyst (w/in IH): brood capsules and scolices, fluid filled, 5-10cm but up to 50cm in diameter
Eggs: 25-40 um in diameter, brown color, radial striations on shell, presence of 6 embryonic hooks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Life Cycle

Indirect. PPP = 45-60 days
Adult sheds 1 gravid segment with eggs into feces→ develop into oncospheres that are viable in ground for up to 2 yrs.→IH ingests egg→ egg hatches→ hexacanth larva penetrates the intestine, migrates to liver and lungs of IH→ forms hydatid cyst→ grows and matures in 6-12 mths→ DH ingests infected IH→scolices evaginate and attach to the mucosa of the small intestine and mature in DH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Site of Infection

Small intestine in DH.

Unilocular hydatid cysts in liver, lungs and other organs in IH and humans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Pathagenesis and Lesions

Nonpathogenic within DH.

Within human IH, hydatid develops in pulmonary or hepatic site causing pathogenesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Clinical Signs

No clinical signs in DH.

In humans, respiratory symptoms and with many hydatids in the liver may cause gross abdominal distension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Diagnosis

Eggs in fecal flotation or with Adhesive/Scotch tape method

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus-Treatment and Prevention

Anthelmintic treatment, removal of stray dogs, prohibition against feeding uncooked offal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus multilocularis-Common Name

Alveolar hydatid tapeworm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus multilocularis-Hosts

DH: Dogs and Cats
IH: Cows, equines, swine and rodents
*Zoonosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus multilocularis-Identification

Adult: 6mm long with 4-5 segments, scolex with 4 suckers and 2 rows of hooks
Hydatid cysts (w/in IH): Alveolar hydatid cyst, not confined by a capsule, exogenous budding
Eggs: taeniid type, brown, 25-40 um, radial striations in shell, 6 embryonic hooks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus multilocularis-Life Cycle

Indirect. PPP = 28 days
Adult sheds 1 gravid segment with eggs into feces→ develop into oncospheres that are viable in ground for up to 2 yrs.→IH ingests egg→ egg hatches→ hexacanth larva penetrates the intestine, migrates to liver and lungs of IH→ forms hydatid cyst→ grows and matures in 6-12 mths→ DH ingests infected IH→scolices evaginate and attach to the mucosa of the small intestine and mature in DH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus multilocularis-Site of Infection

Adults: Small intestine

Hydatid cysts: Liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus multilocularis-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Usually non-pathogenic.
In IH, alveolar or multilocular cyst grows large and can cause pressure necrosis of the liver and surrounding tissues. Alverolar hydatid is slow growing and eventually fatal

Echinococcus multilocularis-Clinical Signs

None in DH. | Invasive growth in humans/IH can be fatal

Echinococcus multilocularis-Diagnosis

Eggs in fecal flotation. Eggs from Adhesive/Scotch tape method Morphologically indistinguishable from Taenia eggs

Echinococcus multilocularis-Treatment and Prevention

Anthelmintic treatment, removal of stray dogs, prohibition against feeding uncooked offal

Taenia crassiceps-Hosts

DH: Foxes, dogs IH: Small rodents *Zoonosis-Abdominal cavity and the eye

Taenia crassiceps-Identification

Adult: scolex with 4 suckers up to 2 m long, rectangular segments with unilateral genital pores Cysticerci: in abdominal cavity of IH, asexual budding Eggs: brown color, radial striations in the shell, 6 embryonic hooks, indistinguishable from Echinococcus spp.

Taenia crassiceps-Life Cycle

Indirect. PPP 6-9 wks. Taeniid segments shed from DH in feces→segments release eggs in environ.→eggs develop to oncospheres→oncosphere ingested by IH→enter to small intestine and go to abdominal cavity w/in IH→develops to second-stage larva (cysticercus)→buds into multiple cysticerci→DH ingests IH→develop into adult in small intestine

Taenia crassiceps-Site of Infection

Small intestine

Taenia crassiceps-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Zoonosis→in humans it can infect the eye and cause blindness

Taenia crassiceps-Clinical Signs

Usually asymptomatic

Taenia crassiceps-Diagnosis

Eggs in fecal flotation | Echinococcus and Taenia eggs are indistinguishable

Taenia crassiceps-Treatment and Prevention

Cestocidal drugs | Prevent eating offal

Taenia pisiformis-Hosts

DH: Dogs IH: Rabbits

Taenia pisiformis-Identification

Adults are several meters

Taenia pisiformis-Life Cycle

Indirect. PPP = 56 days Taeniid segments shed from DH→segments release eggs into environ.→develop into oncospheres→oncosphere ingested by IH→enters small intestine and migrates to liver and peritoneum in IH→develops into second-stage larva (cysticerus)→DH ingests cysticercus→develops into adult in small intestine of DH

Taenia pisiformis-Site of Infection

Adults: Small intestine of DH Cysticerci: Liver and peritoneum of IH

Taenia pisiformis-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Non-pathogenic

Taenia pisiformis-Clinical Signs

Asymptomatic

Taenia pisiformis-Diagnosis

Eggs on fecal flotation

Taenia pisiformis-Treatment and Prevention

Cestocidal drugs | Prevent eating offal

Taenia taeniaeformis-Hosts

DH: Cats IH: Rodents, humans *Zoonosis

Taenia taeniaeformis-Identification

Adults: 60cm Eggs: 25-40 um

Taenia taeniaeformis-Life Cycle

Indirect. PPP = 6 wk. Taeniid segments shed from DH→segments release eggs into environ.→develop into oncospheres→oncosphere ingested by IH→enters small intestine and migrates to liver→develop into second-stage larva (strobilocercus)→DH ingests strobilocercus→develop into adult in small intestine of DH

Taenia taeniaeformis-Site of Infection

Adults: Small intestine in DH Strobilocercus: Liver of IH

Taenia taeniaeformis-Pathogenesis and Lesion

Non-pathogenic

Taenia taeniaeformis-Clinical Signs

Asymptomatic

Taenia taeniaeformis-Diagnosis

Eggs on fecal flotation

Taenia taeniaeformis-Treatment and Prevention

Cestocidal drugs | Prevent eating offal

Diphyllobothrium latum-Common Name

Broad Fish Tapeworm

Diphyllobothrium latum-Hosts

DH: Dogs, cats, pigs, humans IH: Copepod crustacean, Freshwater fish *Zoonosis

Diphyllobothrium latum-Identification

Adults: 12m long, scolex without suckers, 2 slot-like grooves called bothria for attachment, square segments shed in groups Eggs: Operculate, light brown, 60 um

Diphyllobothrium latum-Diagnosis

Fecal sedimentation | Egg can be confused with Fasciola hepatica (130 um) but are half the size

Spirometra spp.-Common Name

Zipperworm | Causes Sparganosis in humans

Spirometra spp.-Hosts

DH: Dogs, cats IH: Crustaceans (host procercoid), Water snakes, frogs, rodents, birds (host plerocercoids) *Zoonosis

Spirometra spp.-Identification

Adults: 2 m in length, scolex without suckers, but with 2 bothria, segments shed in groups Plerocercoids: 4-10 cm in length Eggs: Operculate, light brown, 60 um

Spirometra spp.-Diagnosis

Fecal sedimentation | Egg can be confused with Fasciola hepatica (130 um) but are half the size