Cancer Vaccines Flashcards
Define chemoprevention.
Use of synthetic, natural or biological agents to suppress and prevent carcinogenic progression
How does chemoprevention work?
Block DNA damage that causes carcinogenesis
Arresting or reversing the progression of premalignant cells
What are the four cancer hallmarks that chemo preventative agentstarget?
Increased inflammation
Increased reactive oxygen species
Decreased apoptosis
Increased cell migration
What drug can prevent breast cancer?
Tamoxifen
What is the MoA of tamoxifen?
Competitively inhibits binding of estradiol to ER
What does tamoxifen increase and why?
Production of TGFb - inhibits tumour cell growth
What does tamoxifen decrease and why?
IGF1 - it stimulates tumour cell growth
PKC expression
Signal transduction
anti-proliferative effect
When is Raloxifene used?
Postmenopausal women who are at high risk for developing disease or have osteoporosis
How does raloxifene work?
Oestrogen antagonist in uterine and breast tissue
Anti-proliferative effect
Increases bone mineral density
oestrogen agonist in lipid metabolism
What are NSAIDs?
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs eg. aspirin
What are NSAIDs MoA?
Directly inhibit COX enzymes -> decrease presence of prostaglandin E2
What drug can be used to prevent precancerous lesions?
Celecoxib
What can Celecoxib be used to treat?
Reduction of colorecta; adenomas in FAP
When is carcinogenesis initiated?
Transformation of normal cell into a cancer cell
How do phytochemicals interfere with carcinogenesis?
Inhibit metabolic activation of procarcinogens to ultimate electrophilic species
Stimulate detoxification of carcinogens
