Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemotherapeutic Agents > Ant-Mycobacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Ant-Mycobacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are mycobacteria?

A

Slender, curved rods
Cell walls are complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 broad groups of mycobacteria?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis species
Nontuberculous species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 3 mycobacterial diseases?

A

T.B.
Leprosy
Lung infections in AIDS and CF patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is unique to mycobacteria structure?

A

Thick mycolate-rich outer covering -> efficient barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is MDR-TB?

A

Multi drug resistant TB that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is XDR-TB?

A

Extended drug resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the first line anti-TB drugs?

A

Isoniazid
Rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2nd line anti-TB drugs?

A

Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long is compound drug therapy for TB?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is Isoniazid bactericidal?

A

For actively growing tubercle bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Isoniazid’s MoA?

A

Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids
Combines with an enzyme leading to disorganization of metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is resistance to Isoniazid developed?

A

Absence of catalase peroxidase
Reduced penetration
Over-expression of carrier proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is isoniazid administered?

A

orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is isoniazid distributed?

A

Widely - reaches BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is isoniazid metabolised?

A

Acetylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is isoniazid excreted?

A

Renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are s/e of Isoniazid?

A

Allergic skin reactions
Memory loss
hepatotoxicity
seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is Rifampicin bactericidal for mycobacteria?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the MoA of Rifampicin?

A

Binds to B subunit of DNA
Binds to RNA polymerase -> conformational change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is resistance to rifampicin acquired?

A

RNA polymerase mutations
Mutations in rpoB
Ribosylation - degradative mechanism

21
Q

What are side effects of Rifampicin?

A

Nephritis
Turns urine, sweat, tears orange
Cholestatic jaundice
Induction of cytochrome P450 -increased drug elimation

22
Q

What are Rifampicin’s clinical uses?

A

Leprosy
Prophylaxis for contacts of TB

23
Q

What is an example of an aminoglycoside drug that treats TB?

A

Capreomycin

24
Q

What is capreomycin’s MoA?

A

Peptide antibiotic-protein synthesis inhibitor

25
Q

How is capreomycin administered?

A

Intra muscularly

26
Q

What are s/e of capreomycin?

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

27
Q

What is Cycloserine’s MoA?

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

28
Q

How is Cycloserine administered?

A

Orally

29
Q

What are s/e of Cycloserine?

A

Peripheral neuropathy
CNS disturbance

30
Q

What is Amikacin?

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

31
Q

What is Amikacin’s MoA?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

32
Q

What is Amikacin effective against?

A

Atypical mycobacteria
Role in MDRs

33
Q

How is Amikacin adminsitered?

A

I.V

34
Q

What are the 2 types of Leprosy?

A

Tuberculoid leprosy
Lepromatous Leprosy

35
Q

What drugs treat tuberculoid leprosy?

A

Dapsone and rifam[icin X 6/12

36
Q

What is tuberculoid leprosy characterized by?

A

Tumours in skin and cutaneous nerves

37
Q

What drugs treat Lepromatous leprosy?

A

Dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine X 2 yrs

38
Q

how is lepromatous leprosy characterized by?

A

Lesions that spread over much of the body affecting many systems

39
Q

What is Dapsone MoA?

A

Inhibits folate synthesis

40
Q

How is Dapsone administered?

A

Orally

41
Q

How is Dapsone distributed?

A

widely
lasts long

42
Q

How is Dapsone excreted?

A

renally

43
Q

What is a s/e of dapsone?

A

Erythema Nodosum leprosum

44
Q

What are Dapsone clinical uses?

A

Leprosy
PCP in AIDS patients
blistering skin rash

45
Q

What is Clofazimine MoA?

A

Inhibition of DNA synthesis
Anti-inflammatory action

46
Q

How is Clofazmine administered?

A

Orally

47
Q

What are s/e of Clofazmine?

A

Red discolouration os skin and urine
nausea
headache

48
Q

What is Mycobacterium Avium complex?

A

Causes pneumonia in immunisuppressed patients eg HIV

49
Q

How is MAC treated?

A

Macrolides
Rifampicin

Chemotherapeutic Agents (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions