Cancer

Question 1

Branch of science which deals with tumours

Answer 1

Oncology

Question 2

Non cancerous cells

Answer 2

Benign tumour 
Do not show metastatis 
Removed by surgery
Fibrous outer capsule
Ex: uterine fibroids

Question 3

Per malignant tumour

Answer 3

Sarcinoma in situ

Cells transform into cancerous cells in due course of time

Question 4

Malignant tumour

Answer 4

Harmful
Metastatis
Mass of neoplasticism cells
Ex: lukemia

Question 5

Characters of cancer cells

Answer 5

Uncontrolled growth- no limit of growth unlimited growth
Metastasis normal cells join with each other and have controlled growth due to cadherins* but cancer cells keep on growing in size and move from one place to other to cause cancer in Other parts
Over abundance of telomerase enzyme- cancer cells never age . Keep on growing
Surface antigens- if antigen detected, then destroyed by NK and Tc cells
Angiogenesis- ability of cancer cells to attract the blood vessels leading to O2 deficiency in normal cells
Failure of apoptosis- resist the programmed cell death. Helps in the development of tumour

Question 6

Epithelial cells cancer

Answer 6

Carcinoma
Eg: Brest cancer( adenocarcinoma), brain tumours
85% of the cancers diagnosed are carcinomas

Question 7

Connective tissue cancer

Answer 7

Sarcoma
From mesoderm
Osteosarcoma of bone, chondrosarcoma of cartilage, angiosarcoma of blood vessels
**Cancer cells of muscles are also sarcoma

Question 8

Cancer to RBC

Answer 8

Leukaemia

Question 9

Tumour of secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 9

Lymphoma

Eg: burkit lymphoma

Question 10

Cancer of pigment cells

Answer 10

Melanoma

Question 11

Human papilloma virus causes

Answer 11

Cervical cancer

Question 12

Protein P53

Answer 12

Guardian angel of cell genome

Question 13

Mutation in genes leads to

Answer 13

Formation of oncogens

Question 14

Biopsy

Answer 14

A piece os suspected tissue is taken and cut into thin section and examined
**cancer cells have very high value of karyoplasmic index

Question 15

Radiography

Answer 15

X-ray
MRI- magnetic fields are used
CT- scan- 3D image

Question 16

Detection of breast cancer

Answer 16

Mammography

Question 17

Cervix and uterus cancer

Answer 17

PAP test

Question 18

Prostate cancer

Answer 18

PSA test

Question 19

Treatment

Answer 19

Surgery to remove tumours
Radiation therapy- Iodine, cobalt, radon
Chemotherapy- (painful) cytotoxic drugs used, loss of hair follicles, anaemia
Immunotherapy- alpha interferons used to activate the immune system
Bone marrow transplant - used in case of leukemia