Cancer Flashcards
What is a tumour?
A mass forming lesion
What is neoplasm?
The autonomous growth of tissue beyond normal constraints of cell proliferation
What are benign and malignant tumours?
Bening - remain local
Malignant - Metastasize to other tissue
What type of tumour is cancer?
A malignant neoplasm
What are hamartomas?
Localised benign overgrowths of one or more mature cell types
What are heterotopias?
Normal tissue being found in parts of the body where they are not usually present
What are the suffixes for benign and malignant tumours?
Benign: -oma
Malignant: -sarcoma
What are teratomas?
Tumours derived from germ cells and can contain tissue derived from all 3 germ cell layers
What malignant tumours have the suffix ‘oma’?
- Lymphoma
- Melanoma
- Hepatoma
- Teratoma
What is direct extension of a tumour?
Stromal response to the tumour, includes:
- Fibroblastic proliferation
- Vascular proliferation
- Immune response
What is haematogenous spread of a tumour?
Tumour metastasise through blood vessels
How do tumours spread through the lymphatics?
Cancer spreads through lymphatics to lymph nodes and beyond
Cancer spreads in the same pattern as the normal lymphatic drainage of the organ in question
What is translocoemic spread of cancer?
The cancer spreads through a body cavity, so can invade other organs in the same cavity
What is the perineural spread of cancer?
Spread via nerves as the cancer spreads along the nerve fibres
What is the TNM system of cancer description?
T- Tumour (the size and extent of local invasion)
N - Nodes (Number of lymph nodes involved)
M - Metasases (presence of cancer elsewhere in the body)
