Cancer Flashcards
how many people diagnosed with cancer every year
14.1 million (1/4 seconds)
who are more susceptible to cancers
immunocompromised people
cancer deaths will by 2030
double
which cytokine is immunoprotective against cancers
IL-2
IL-2 is
approved by the FDA to treat some cancers
tumour microenvironment rich in
TILs
TIL
Tumour infiltrating T-lymphocytes
people with many TILs
have a better prognosis
calrectulin is presented on the surface of cancer cell dueto
the unfolded protein response
calrectulin
functions as a buffer and chaperone to prevent misfiled proteins from being exported from ER
outline process which destroy cancer cells
1) unfolded protein response in ER
2) calrectulin presented on plasma membrane f cell
3) signals to be phagocytksed
4) macrophage presents antigens to naive T cell
5) killer T cell expansion
6) elimination of cancer cells
4 phases of cancer
1) elimination
2) equilibrium
3) escape
elimination
I and A response
- B cells and antibodies
- T cell, T-reg and NK cells
equilibrium
tumour contained but not destroyed
escape
- tumour antigen editing via genomic instability causes immune version
- tumour microenvironment becomes immunosuppressive
most tumour antigens are not
recognised by the adaptive immune system
tumour microenvironment is rich in
immunosuppressive signals
immunosuppressive signals
- suppressive cytokines
- infiltration of Tregs
- low Mhc expression
- high expression of immune checkpoint proteins on T cells
treatment for cancer
radiotherapy chemotherapy survey hormone therapy stem cell transplant immunotherapy
immunotherapy
specific
powerful
universal
memory
