Immune checkpoint modulation

Question 1

who received a Lasker award in 2015

Answer 1

James Allison

Question 2

James Allison won a Lasker award for his discovery

Answer 2

discovery and development of monoclonal antibody therapy that unleashes the immune system to combat cancer

Question 3

what sort of immunotherapy did J. Allison develop

Answer 3

T-cell checkpoint protein inhibition

Question 4

During T-cell activation by APC

Answer 4

positive an negative signals occur

Question 5

CTLA4 is an

Answer 5

immune checkpoint protein

Question 6

CTLA4

Answer 6

prevents overly intense response that might damage normal cells

Question 7

blocking immune checkpoint proteins e.g. CTLA4

Answer 7

releases the breaks on the immune system- increasing its ability to destroy cancer cells

Question 8

costimualtion via CD28 on T cells when MHC presents to TCR

Answer 8

traduces T cell activating signals

Question 9

CTLA4 ligation on activated T cells

Answer 9

down-regulates T cell responses by binding to B7

Question 10

blocking CTLA4 ligation with an antibody

Answer 10

enhances T cell responses

Question 11

name an anti-CTLA4 mAb

Answer 11

Ipilimumab

Question 12

Ipilimumab

Answer 12

first immune modulation drug to get approval for advanced cell melanoma

Question 13

ipilimumab

Answer 13

blocks the activity of a checkpoint protein CTLA4 which is expressed on the surface of activated cytotoxic t cells
- increasing T cell activation

Question 14

mAbs can be used to inhibits

Answer 14

inhibitory receptors

Question 15

novolumab

Answer 15

approved for patients with advanced melanoma or lung cancer

Question 16

what does novolumab

Answer 16

bind to PD-1, which is an inhibitory receptor, to allow the cytotoxic killing of tumour cells

Question 17

example of an immunotherapy trial which went wrong

Answer 17

theralizumab - TGN1412

Question 18

where did the trial take place

Answer 18

Northwick Park

Question 19

what was TGN141 being designed to be used for

Answer 19

rheumatoid arthritiis

Question 20

TGN1412 ends to

Answer 20

CD28

Question 21

CD28

Answer 21

costimualtor pair on T cells

Question 22

TGN1412 was a

Answer 22

potent agonist- stimulating anti-infallamtory cytokine production e.g. 1l-10

Question 23

what did TGN141 cause

Answer 23

severe inflammatory reaction due to cytokine release syndrome