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Immunity- last few lectures > Immunotherapy examples > Flashcards

Immunotherapy examples Flashcards

1
Q

therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be used to treat

A
  • Non hodjkins lymphoma
  • Breast cancer
  • Alzheimers
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2
Q

Non Hodgkins Lymphoma is a

A

malignant growth of b cells that result in tumours in lymph nodes and throughout the body

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3
Q

how many americans affected by NHL

A

250,000

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4
Q

cure for NHL

A

no cure for most patients

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5
Q

how many patients with NHL treated with radiation and chemotherapy are alive after 5 years

A

60%

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6
Q

Betsy Patterson

A

34 year old diagnosed with NHL

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7
Q

after 9 years (Betsy)

A

tumour filed lymph nodes appear and she is enter 9-month phase II clinical trial with two chemotherapeutic drugs

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8
Q

name the two chemotherapeutic drugs

A

Fludarabine and mitoxanthrone

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9
Q

side effects of chemo drugs

A

vomiting, nausea, oversies stop producing hormones (premature menopause, night sweats and physical change)

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10
Q

drugs administered to control nausea

A

leads to drowsiness- bed ridden 22 h a day

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11
Q

what does betsy develop

A

diabetes, severe folic acid deficiency, anaemia and nerve damage

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12
Q

18 months after chemotherapy

A

return of NHL

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13
Q

betsy is then treated with

A

Rituximab

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14
Q

Rituximab was the

A

first monoclonal antibody treatment approved for cancer

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15
Q

what type of antibody is rituximab

A

chimeric

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16
Q

rituxmab is also known as

A

rituxan

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17
Q

rituxan targets

A

CD20

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18
Q

CD20 is an antigen

A

present on the surface of neoplastic B cells

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19
Q

what does rituximab consist of

A

a human IgG antibody with mouse variable regions

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20
Q

how does rituximab lyse CD20 cells

A

using human complement or ADCC

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21
Q

after two weeks of treatment with rituximab

A

chest pains from swollen lymph nodes disappear

22
Q

after one months

A

35% reduction in the tumour

- nodes in back of neck have completely disappeared

23
Q

toxicity associated with rituximab

A

non

24
Q

colombat 2001 paper regarded

A

a clinical and molecular evaluation of rituximabe

25
Q

rituximab is

A

anti-CD20 –>

26
Q

what did the colombat 2001 paper conclude

A

that rituximab was associated with no toxicity and few side effects

27
Q

how many patients in colombat study

A

50

28
Q

response rate to rituximab after 50 days

A

73%

29
Q

breast cancer affects

A

1 in 9 women

30
Q

two breast cancer genes the been identified

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

31
Q

most frequent breast cancer mtuation

A

BRCA1

32
Q

who is BRCA1 mutation common in

A

Ashkenazi Jews

33
Q

BRCA2 is a

A

tumour suppressor gene

34
Q

women with mutations in BRCA2 tumour suppressor gene

A

have greatly elevated risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer

35
Q

Which antigen do breast cancer cells express

A

HER2

36
Q

when do breast cancer cells divide and grow

A

when the protein Human epidermal growth factor attaches to HER2

37
Q

immunotherapy for breast cancer

A

Herceptin

38
Q

Herceptin

A

is a humanised monoclonal antibody

39
Q

perception does what

A

blocks attachment of human epidermal growth factor to HER2

40
Q

who is Herceptin used to treat

A

women with advanced breast cancer

41
Q

herceptin given with another chemotherapy drug called

A

Taxol

42
Q

after surgery, herceptin treatment in combination with chemotherapy

A

halves rate of recurrence

43
Q

how many people have dementia

A

44 million

44
Q

global cost of dementia

A

$600billion

45
Q

what leads to dementia

A

misfiled proteins which leads to the death of neurones, caused by amyloid-B peptides

46
Q

drug used to treat alxheimers

A

Solanezumab (sola) neuroprotector (humanised)

47
Q

Solanezumab

A

mAb binds to amyloid-B peptides

48
Q

what is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

A

Toxilizumab

49
Q

Toxilizumab

A

humanised ant-human IL-6R receptor antibody used to treat arthritis

50
Q

toxilizumab blocks binding of

A

IL-6 to IL6-R

Immunity- last few lectures (12 decks)

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