Adoptive immune cell therapy

Question 1

Adoptive immune cell therapy: Normal TILs

Answer 1

TILs have already been shown to target tumour cells, however there may not be enough within the tumour to eradicate it or overcome immune suppressive signals that are released

Question 2

Adoptive immune cell therapy: Normal TILS involves

Answer 2

introducing massive amounts of activated TILs - to help overcome these barriers and shrink or destroy tumours

Question 3

process of Adoptive immune cell therapy: Normal TILS

Answer 3

1) TILs are collected from samples of the tumour
2) TILs thats how greatest recognition of the patient tumours in lap are selected
3) cells are then activated with cytokine and infused into the patient bloodstream

Question 4

Adoptive Immune Cell Therapy: Transgenic TILs

Answer 4

where T cells are engineered to have a specific transgenic TCT which has a high affinity to a certain tumour antigen

Question 5

Adoptive Immune Cell Therapy: CAR-T Cells

Answer 5

Another form of ACT that is being actively studied is Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cells (CAR-T cells)

Question 6

CAR-T

Answer 6

chimeric antigen receptor modified T cell

Question 7

explain CAR-T cell therapy

Answer 7

• a patients isolated T cells are collected from the blood and genetically modified to express a protein known as CAR
• CAR are modified forms of a T cell receptor, which is expressed on the surface of T cells
• CAR receptors allow modified T cells to attach to specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells
• once bound to the cancer cell, the modified T cells become activated and attack the cancer cells

Question 8

Modified CAR cells

Answer 8

are grown in a lab to produce large populations of the cells and infused back into the patient

Question 9

TCR therapy by gene-modified T lymphocytes

Answer 9

1) sensitive signal amplification derived by evolution
2) low avidity
3) targets intracellular proteasome
4) requires MHC class I expression and HLA matching on tumour cell
5) possible mispairing with endogenous TCR

Question 10

CAR therapy by gene-modified T lymphocytes

Answer 10

1) signal amplification derived by synthetic biology
2) avidity is controllable
3) targets only surface structures
4) HLA independent antigen recognition, universal application
5) no mispairing with endogenous TCR

Question 11

efficacy of CD19-CAR-T cell therapy (B-cell lymphoma)

Answer 11

very efficacious compared to no treatment and control

–> almost total remission

Question 12

CD19 is

Answer 12

diagnostic of B cell lymphoma