Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology 2 > Cancer 3 (02.26) > Flashcards

Cancer 3 (02.26) Flashcards

1
Q

Direct-Acting Carcinogens

A

Require no metabolic conversion to become carcinogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 important proteins in EBV

A

LMP1 and EBNA2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

70-85% of hepatocellular carcinomas are due to

A

infection with HBV or HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Action of CagA

A

Activates RAS MEK ERK pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Action of E6 viral protein

A

Binds to and mediates degradation of p53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Action of E7 viral protein

A

Binds Rb and releases E2F transcription factors, promoting proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Action of EBNA2

A

Transactivates several host genes, including cyclin D and src family of proto-oncogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Action of LMP1

A

Oncogene: Activates pathways that mimic B cell activation by CD40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Action of NF-KB pathway w/in hepatocytes blocks

A

apoptosis, allowing dividing hepatocytes to incur genotoxic stress and accumulate mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aflatoxin B1 is produced by

A

some strains of Aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aflatoxin B1 produces characteristic mutations in

A

TP53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After activation with __, NK cells can lyse a wide range of human tumors

A

IL-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alkylating agents are Direct or Indirect-Acting agents

A

Direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Binds Rb and releases E2F transcription factors, promoting proliferation

A

Action of E7 viral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Binds to and mediates degradation of p53

A

Action of E6 viral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BRAF inhibitor used in melanoma

A

Vemurafinib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma (BAC) is aka

A

Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma In Situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CagA

A

Specific gene on pathogenicity island of H Pylori thought to be carcinogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cancer caused by HLTV-1

A

T cell leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Certain EBV gene products contribute to oncogenesis by stimulating

A

a normal B cell proliferation pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Classically activated macrophages of the ___ type exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells

A

M1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dominant oncogenic effects of HBV/HCV infection

A

Chronic inflammation w/ Hepatocyte Death –> Regeneration and genomic damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dysplasia in the breast is also called

A

Atypical Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

E6 and E7 from high risk strains of HPV have

A

higher affinity for their targets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

EGFR mutation confers responsiveness to

A

Erlotinib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

General mechanism for development of Gastric Adenocarcinoma by H Pylori

A

Chronic Inflammation, Gastric cell proliferation, ROS that damage DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

H Pylori has been implicated in development of

A

Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Gastric Lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

HLTV-1 has tropism for

A

CD4+ T Cells –> These are neoplastic as a result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are epoxides carcinogenic

A

Form covalent adducts w/ molecules in cell

30
Q

How are pyrimidine dimers repaired

A

Nucleotide excision repair pathway

31
Q

How do promoters augment carcinogens

A

Stimulate proliferation of mutated cells

32
Q

How does LMP1 prevent apoptosis

A

Activates BCL2

33
Q

In 90% of cases of HCC, tumors develop in setting of

A

cirrhosis

34
Q

Incidence of HCC is increasing due to

A

Hepatitis C epidemic

35
Q

Indirect-Acting Carcinogens

A

Require metabolic conversion to an “ultimate carcinogen”

36
Q

Inflammatory cytokines though to play a role in H Pylori Gastric Lymphoma

A

IL-1beta and TNF

37
Q

Is Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia the same thing as Dysplasia?

A

Yes

38
Q

Key step in EBV-related oncogenesis

A

Evasion of the immune system

39
Q

Key step in HBV/HCV tumorigenesis

A

Activation of NF-KB in hepatocytes caused by mediators derived from activated immune cells

40
Q

Kidney tumors are a component of which hereditary cancer syndrome

A

VHL

41
Q

Lymphoma cells may emerge after EBV transformation when

A

translocations activate the MYC oncogene

42
Q

Most important form of DNA damage caused by irradiation

A

Double-stranded DNA breaks

43
Q

New most common type of lung cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

44
Q

NKG2D proteins recognize

A

stress-induced antigens on tumor cells and cells that have incurred DNA damage

45
Q

Nontumorigenic but augment carcinogenicity of some chemicals

A

Promoters

46
Q

Oncogene: Activates pathways that mimic B cell activation by CD40

A

Action of LMP1

47
Q

Only retrovirus demonstrated to cause cancer in humans

A

HTLV-1

48
Q

Percent of those infected by H Pylori who get gastric cancer

A

2%

49
Q

Precursor to Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

A

Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia (AAH)

50
Q

Primary etiological agent of Stomach Cancer

A

H Pylori

51
Q

Principal active products in many hydrocarbons

A

Epoxides, which form covalent adducts w/ molecules in cells

52
Q

Promoters

A

Nontumorigenic but augment carcinogenicity of some chemicals; Stimulate proliferation of mutated cells

53
Q

Protein in HLTV-1 that is necessary and sufficient for transformation

A

TAX

54
Q

SNAIL and TWIST

A

Metastatic Oncogenes: promote downregulation of E-Cadherin expression, etc

55
Q

Some of the most potent indirect carcinogens

A

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (Benzo[a]pyrene)

56
Q

Special name for Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma In Situ

A

Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma (BAC)

57
Q

Specific gene on pathogenicity island of H Pylori thought to be carcinogenic

A

CagA

58
Q

Surface Glycoproteins and Glycolipids in Cancer

A

Much higher expression

59
Q

T/F: HLTV-1 encodes an oncogene and is consistent with integration?

A

False, False

60
Q

T/F: Infection with HPV is sufficient for carcinogenesis

A

TRUE

61
Q

TAX

A

Protein in HLTV-1 that is necessary and sufficient for transformation

62
Q

Transactivates several host genes, including cyclin D and src family of proto-oncogenes

A

Action of EBNA2

63
Q

Tumor cells that ____ may trigger NK cells

A

Don’t express MHC Class 1 antigens

64
Q

Type of cell overproduced in H Pylori MALT Lymphoma

A

B cell

65
Q

VHL gene product causes

A

ubiquitination and degradation of HIF1 that would yield increased PDGF, VEGF and tumor angiogenesis

66
Q

Virulence factor of H Pylori that causes cancer

A

CagA

67
Q

What cells express Tyrosinase

A

Melanocytes and Melanomas

68
Q

What confers resistance to Erlotinib

A

KRAS mutation

69
Q

What virus contains EBNA2

A

EBV

70
Q

What virus contains LMP1

A

EBV

Pathology 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions