Cancer

Question 1

types of cancer

Answer 1

carcinoma
sarcoma
leukaemia
lymphoma
central nervous system cancer

Question 2

carcinoma

Answer 2

in skin or tissue lining internal organs

Question 3

sarcoma

Answer 3

in bone, fat, muscle or connective tissue

Question 4

leukaemia

Answer 4

in blood cell producing tissue

Question 5

lymphoma

Answer 5

arise from immune system

Question 6

central nervous system cancer

Answer 6

in brain or spinal chord

Question 7

neoplasm

Answer 7

abnormal growth of tissue which is either benign or malignant

Question 8

tumour is

Answer 8

a mass of tissue formed by the abnormal proliferation of cells

Question 9

benign

Answer 9

can’t spread but can exert pressure on organs

Question 10

mallignant

Answer 10

can invade surrounding tissue and may metastisise

Question 11

how does cancer metastasis

Answer 11

cancerous cells divide uncontrollably leading to crowding and dysfunction or normal cells leading to organ destruction

cancer cells break off from primary tumour and enter circulatory systems and establish second tumour

Question 12

risk factors of cancer

Answer 12

genetic
diet/ tobacco/ alcohol
diabetes and obesity
exsposure to chemicals

Question 13

clinical symptoms of cancer

Answer 13

night sweats or fever
more tired
unexplained bleeding or bruises
unexpected pain or ache
unexplained weight loss
unusual lump or swelling
new mole
croaky voice
mouth or tongue ulcer
coughing up blood
problems peeing
blood in urine or faeces

Question 14

what is cancer

Answer 14

caused by mutation to DNA in cells
RESULTS IN erros in normal cell growth- errors in regulation and differentiation

Question 15

cancer cells

Answer 15

grow in absense of signalling tellimg them to grow
ignore signalls o tell them to stop dividing or growing
invade nearby areas to spread
tell blood vessels to grow towards these cells
hide in immune system
multiple changes in the cells

Question 16

cancer pain

Answer 16

pressure, obstruction, stretching, tissue damage or inflammation

Question 17

clinical manifestation Cachexia

Answer 17

wasting

anorexia
early satierty
weight loss
marker weakness
taste alternation
altered metablosim

Question 18

anaemia in cancer

Answer 18

chronic bleeding
malnutrition
medical therapies

Question 19

paraenroplastic syndrome in cancer

Answer 19

release of hormones by cancer cells
cause haematological complcations

Question 20

prostate cancer

Answer 20

abnormal cells in prostate growth in the cells that line the prostate

Question 21

risk factors of prostate cancer

Answer 21

genetics
genes
age

Question 22

breast cancer

Answer 22

abnormal cells lining breast lobes

Question 23

risk factors of cancer

Answer 23

family history/ genetic inherited// medical history- reproductive history/ dense breast

limited exercises
tobaco
alcohol
overweight

Question 24

clinical maifestation of breast cancer

Answer 24

depends where tumour is to how big and how quick it grows

new lump

breast screening

Question 25

melanoma

Answer 25

abnormal cells in skin- melanincytes more likely to spread to other parts of the skin

Question 26

risk factors of melanoma

Answer 26

history of skin cancer moles sun exspsure low immune system

Question 27

lung cancer risk factors

Answer 27

tobacco smoking exsposure to poor air history of radiation HIV family history

Question 28

non-small cell lung cancer

Answer 28

adenocarcinoma squamous cells large cell undifferentiated carcinoma

Question 29

lung cancer manifestation

Answer 29

cough trouble breathing hoarse voice pain back and chest cough up blood

Question 30

bowl cancer

Answer 30

abnormal cell gorwth of large bowl cause blockage or bleeding develop forms gowths on lining of the large bowl know as polyps

Question 31

risk factors of bowl cancer

Answer 31

old age inflammatory bowl disease excess body fat red and processed meats high alcohol consumption tobacco gene mutatons T2D

Question 32

oseophagael cancer

Answer 32

abnomral cells growth in mucosal linning carcinoma adenocarcinoma- lower part

Question 33

stomach cancer

Answer 33

gastric adenocarcinoma starts in glandular cells that line stomach wall risk factors- heart burn and intergestion

Question 34

gynaecological cancer risk factors

Answer 34

old age strong family history certain gene mutation previous cancer exsposure to hormones- taking pills viral infection- HPV tobacco smoking

Question 35

gynaroclogical cancer

Answer 35

uterine- endometrium cervical ovarian fallopian tubes

Question 36

gynaecological cancer clinical symptoms

Answer 36

unusual vaginal discharge weight loss pain, pressure or discomfort change in bowl habits itching burning sensation

Question 37

bone tumours risk factors

Answer 37

previous radiotherpy bone disease gentic factors

Question 38

bone tumours clinical manifestation

Answer 38

pain presence of a mass impaired function bone erosion

Question 39

cancer treatments

Answer 39

chemotherapy radiation surgery hormone immunotherapy targerted therapies

Question 40

side effects of cancer

Answer 40

oral ulcers diarrhoea vommiting decrease in red and white blood cells hair and skin- alopecia dry skin affect gamates damage to hypothalmus

Question 41

exercise role in cancer

Answer 41

cancer prevention and cancer treatment less functional impairments less fatigue less pain

Question 42

benifits of exercise in cancer

Answer 42

reduced risk of cancer prevents high levels of insulin reduce inflammation improve immune system prevents obesity

Question 43

types of bone cancer

Answer 43

osteosarcoma ewing sarcoma chondrosarcoma

Question 44

osteosarcoma

Answer 44

metaphysis of long bones high grade ostoegenic tumour

Question 45

ewing sarcoma

Answer 45

small round blue cell tumour

Question 46

chondrosarcoma

Answer 46

pelvis, ribs, cartilage-producing tumour slower growing

Question 47

risk factors of bone cancer

Answer 47

previous radiation high dose ioninsing radiation pre-exsisting bone disorders pagets diseas fibrous dysplasia

Question 48

secondary bone cancer symptoms

Answer 48

swelling over affected parts of bones stiff tender in bones unexplained weight loss fractured bones loss of feeling in affected limb tiredness

Question 49

risk factors of secondary bone cancer

Answer 49

always develops due to spread if primary tumour biology bone microenvironment genetic and immune factors