Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

patho > cancer > Flashcards

cancer Flashcards

1
Q

anaplasia

A

loss of function in cells
malignant tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

apoptosis

A

cell programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cancer

A

disorder of altered cell differentiation and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neoplasm

A

new growth arising from neoplasia
may be benign or malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

proliferation

A

process of cell division
adaptive for replacement and need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

differentiation

A

process of specialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

benign neoplasm (differentiation, counterpart, resemblance, ability to control proliferation)

A

well differentiated, resembles counterpart, lost control proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

malignant neoplasms (differentiation, counterpart resemblance, ability to control proliferation)

A

less differentiated, lost ability to control cell proliferation and differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

parenchymal cells

A

stem cells
determine behavior and type of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

connective tissue forms

A

framework
extracellular matrix, blood vessels, bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Benign tumors (differentiation, encapsulation, cellular recognition, cellular adhesion, how it looks, intracellular communication, growth speed, does it spread, does it destroy surrounding tissue, does it reoccur, rate of mitosis, how does it die)

A

Well differentiated, encapsulated, cellular recognition, normal cell adhesion, often solid, smooth, normal blood supply, may bleed if irritated, good communication, faster than normal but slower than malignant), doesn’t spread, doesn’t destroy surrounding tissue but can cause pressure or blockage as it gets bigger, doesn’t reoccur if removed, controlled rate of mitosis, apoptosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

malignant tumor ((differentiation, encapsulation, cellular recognition, cellular adhesion, how it looks, intracellular communication, growth speed, does it spread, does it destroy surrounding tissue, does it reoccur, rate of mitosis)

A

Anaplasia, rarely encapsulated, poor cellular recognition, inadequate cellular adhesion causing tissue friability (bleeds more easily), develop projections and pseudopodia (arm on the main tumor), poor intracellular communication, rapid, uncontrolled growth, autonomy: autocrine stimulation allows metastasis, tissue plasmin activator causes destruction of normal tissue to allow for malignant cells, often recurs, or new cancers develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adenoma

A

benign epithelial neoplasm of glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fibroma

A

benign tumor of fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of squamous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sarcoma

A

stem cell malignant cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

polyps benign or malignant

A

Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

precursor to adenomatous polyp

A

adenocarcinoma of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

metaplasia

A

when theres a different type of cell in the wrong place in response to injury
normal cell to normal cell
indication of cancer, but not substantial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal changes in size, shape, organization of cells
abnormal cell to normal cell
higher indication of cancer, but not definite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

neoplasia

A

new growth, usually a tumor

23
Q

which suffix is malignant cancer

A

carcinoma

24
Q

which ending is not cancer

A

oma (except sarcoma)

25
Q

spread of cancer

A

direct invasion
seeding
metastatic spread through lymph or vascularization

26
Q

qualifications to metastify through lymphatic or vascular

A

break from tumor
invade surrounding extracellular matrix
gain access to blood vessel
survive transport through blood vessel
invade surrounding tissue

27
Q

hormone therapy and cancer relation

A

Giving estrogen or testosterone or puberty blockers (gonadotropin)
increased risk at high exposure

28
Q

monoclonal origin

A

spontaneous mutations during mitosis

29
Q

oncogenes

A

mutations in gametes that pass through generation

30
Q

oncogenic pathogens

A

virus, leukemia, lymphoma, HPV, Kaposi sarcoma, herpes virus

31
Q

chronic inflammation

A

promotes increase in growth factors
stimulates cell changes
asbestos alcohol, ulcerative colitis

32
Q

BRCA-1 and BRCA -2

A

autosomal dominant
gene for breast cancer, increases risk for ovaria, pancreatic, colon, and other cancers

33
Q

obesity relation to cancer

A

multifactorial
insulin resistance and increase in pancreatic insulin increases risk

34
Q

CAUTION cancer signs

A

Change in bowel habits
A lesion that doesn’t heal
Unusual blood or discharge
Thickening or lump anywhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a mole or wart
Nagging cough or hoarseness

35
Q

Abdominal cancer

A

bowel obstruction, ulcers, necrosis, hemorrhage, frank bleeding

36
Q

Pleura effusion

A

impaired lymph flow
buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity.

37
Q

abdominal bloating

A

increased girth
feeling of heaviness
ascites- common in ovarian cancer 65% of women

38
Q

anemia happening because cancer

A

due to bleeding and or reduced RBC production in bone marrow

39
Q

vascular thrombosis

A

abnormal amount of coagulation factors and obstruction in the veins

40
Q

cachexia

A

tissue wasting
hypermetabolism and inflammatory factors

41
Q

hypercalcemia and bone pain

A

bone damage
hormone dysregulation (pathologic fracture)

42
Q

screening in colon and skin cancer in men and women

A

occult stool sample yearly after 40
colonoscopy at 50 and every 5-10 years
self skin eval monthly and yearly by HCP

43
Q

screening in colon and skin cancer in men and women

A

occult stool sample yearly after 40
colonoscopy at 50 and every 5-10 years
self skin eval monthly and yearly by HCP

44
Q

screening in breast, ovarian cancer

A

anual pap at 18 or after having sex, after 2 neg tests go every year until after menopause
monthly self breast exam and yearly mammo
baseline mammo at 35, yearly after 40

45
Q

screening for prostate and testicular cancer

A

self testicular exam at the beginning of puberty, HCP yearly
Digital prostate exam yearly after 40
Blood test yearly after 50, 40 African American men

46
Q

seeding vs distant metastisis

A

seeding goes into surrounding tissue or cavity
distant are transported through organs through veins

47
Q

whats needed for a cancer diagnosis

A

biopsy of the area because just because its in the lung doesnt mean its lung cancer

48
Q

immunochemistry

A

detects specific antigens or things with significance in the tissue to find origin of metastatic tumors

49
Q

microarray technology

A

analyzes large number of molecule changes

50
Q

gene chips

A

miniture ingredient test to detect and quantify expression of genes
tumor types
prognosis
if treatment is working

51
Q

TNM system T

A

T0 no tumor
T1 less than 2 cm
T2 tumor between 2-5
T3 larger than 5cm, invasion

52
Q

TNM system N

A

N0 no nodes involved
N1 mobile nodes are involved
N2 fixed nodes are involved

53
Q

TNM system M

A

M0 no metastasis
M1 demonstrable metastasis
M2 suspected metastasis

54
Q

what can happen if multiple lymph nodes are involved in the cancer

A

lymph edema

patho (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions