acid base imbalances

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

electrolyte with ions in water to form hydrogen ions and anions

Question 2

base

Answer 2

a substance that can bind to hydrogen ions

Question 3

normal blood pH

Answer 3

7.35-7.45

Question 4

What blood pH does death occur

Answer 4

less than 6.8
over 7.8

Question 5

volatile acids

Answer 5

can be exerted from the body as a gas

Question 6

Nonvolatile acids

Answer 6

Must be excreted via kidneys as liquid
Lactic acid, ketones, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid
Typical american diet causes overload

Question 7

Excretion of acids

Answer 7

Lungs excrete volatile (CO2)
Kidney excrete nonvolatile and retain bicarb as a buffer for acids (eliminate H+ and generate HCO3-)

Question 8

CO2 and HCO3- acid or base

Answer 8

CO2 acid
HCO3- base

Question 9

High CO2

Answer 9

Hypercapnia
increased ventilation

Question 10

Low CO2

Answer 10

Hypocapnia
decreases ventilation

Question 11

What do kidneys excrete and retain

Answer 11

Excrete H+ ions attached to NH4 (ammonia)
Retain sodium bicarb (most common buffer

Question 12

Lab findings of respiratory acidosis

Answer 12

pH below 7.35
CO2> 45mm Hg
HCO3 normal
Urine pH below 6

Question 13

Manifestations of resp acidosis

Answer 13

Neuro drowsy, disoriented, coma
Cardio hypotension, tachy
respiratory shallow, tachy/brady
Muscular: weakness

Question 14

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 14

Hyperventilation (anxiety, encephalitis, fever, mechanical overventilation)

Question 15

La values for respiratory alkadosis

Answer 15

pH >7.45
CO2 <35mmHg
HCO3 normal
Urine pH >7

Question 16

Manifestations of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 16

Lethargic
confused
numbness
tingling
Muscular: tetany, hyperreflexia
Respiratory: hyperventilation

Question 17

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

Excess production of acids (diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic aciosis, starvation with lactic acidosis)
Inadequate loss of acids (uremia, renal tubular acidosis)
Excessive loss of base (severe diarrhea)

Question 18

Lab findings in metabolic acidosis

Answer 18

pH <7.35
CO2 normal
HCO2 <24
Urine pH <6

Question 19

Manifestations of metabolic acidosis neuro GI resp

Answer 19

Neuro: disoriented, weak, coma
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration
Resp: hyperventilation

Question 20

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 20

Loss of acids (severe vomiting, excess gastric suctioning, diuretic therapy)
Base or buffer imbalance (K+ deficit causing Na+ excess)
Excessive bicarb intake

Question 21

Lab findings of metabolic alkadosis

Answer 21

pH>7.45
CO2 normal
HCO3 >24
Urine pH >7

Question 22

Normal values (Co2, pH, HCO3, Hgb, CO)

Answer 22

CO2 38-43
pH 7.35-7.45
HCO3 22-26
Hgb 13-15
CO 0